WTO「藍箱」規則改革的新進展及我國的對策

The Recent Advances in 'Blue Box' Rules of WTO and the Countermeasures of China

藍箱不僅是大國間貿易利益博弈的產物，而且由於其免於削減承諾，事實上已成為某些發達國家固有的特權，對農產品貿易的扭曲作用不可忽視。多哈回合藍箱規則談判的近期成果——2008年的模式草案雖嚴格限定了藍箱使用紀律，為發展中國家提供了若干特殊與差別的待遇，但卻從另一方面擴大了藍箱的作用空間，使慣以使用藍箱的發達國家繼續從中獲利。作為一個從未使用過藍箱的農產品貿易大國，我國將會因之面臨更加不利的競爭局面。故在即將重啟的多哈回合農業談判中，我國宏觀上應繼續恪守發展中國家的原則與立場，提高發達國家的藍箱使用標準；微觀上則應把握改革時機，採取更為靈活的談判策略，促使發達國家對藍箱支持進行實質性消減。與此同時，我國也應當對現行的國內農業補貼制度進行適時的調整與優化，以裡外配合，形成合力，為我國未來農業的長遠健康發展創造一個良好的內外部規則環境。The 'Blue Box' supports is not only the outcome of trade benefits gambling between major powers but also has factually become inherent privilege of some developed because of its exampting from reduction, which has distorting impact on agricultural trade. The recent achievement of agriculture negotiation in the Doha Round - the draft modalities of 2008 makes more strict rules to regulate the 'blue box' support and offers special and differential treatments for developing counteries. However, it expands the definition of the 'blue box', so that some developed countries relying on it could reap the benefits from using this kind of domestic support. This situation undoubtedly puts China which has never used the 'blue box' st a serious disadvantageous situation though China has become a grant of agriculture trade. Consequently from macrocosmic perspective, we should get a clear understanding of the resistance in the negotiation process, insist on our standpoint as a development country and microscopically we should lose no chance for reforming, tajing more flexible negotiation stategies to make the criterion of the developed countries' using the 'blue box' more strictly to promote their substantial reduction on agricultural domestic support.