唐代判詞中的實判－－兼與擬判比較

Material Verdict in Tang Dynasty: Comparing with Formalistic Verdict

唐代判詞中的實判，是官員們對實際的行政、刑事、民事事務或糾紛所下的判斷，是真實判詞，與當時流行的擬判之用於練筆不同；唐代吏部選官要考判，文、理優常者入選；而無論擬判、實判，好判詞都廣為流傳；實判所反映的公事與奪，是上至宰相、部司官、地方大員，下到屬僚都須做的日常公務；在官府內部，實判所反映的判案程序，一般是經由判官、通判官、長官的自下而上的順序；流傳的實判中，酷判、諧判、謬判較多，反映著唐代官場的實際狀態。實判的重要性，在於它們是研究當時行政、司法狀況的第一手資料。The material verdict in Tang Dynasty, which is the true verdict about administrative, criminal, civil affairs or disputes made by government officials, is different from the popular formalistic verdict at that time for the purpose of exercise. In Tang Dynasty, verdict writing is one of the criteria for official selection. Those verdict-writers with good command of wording and argument will stand out for government posts. Good verdicts, no matter material or formalistic, gain great popularity in society. Material verdicts containing judgment of public and private affairs show routine work of government officials of various levels. Within the court hierarchy, material verdict shows the procedure of adjudication, generally from bottom to top. The material verdicts of Tang Dynasty we can find today include lots of cruel verdict, balanced verdict and wrong verdict, which represent the officialdom in Tang Dynasty. Material verdict is the important first-hand source for the research of administrative and judicial situation of Tang Dynasty.