氣候變化治理技術方案之中國路徑

Chinese Approach to Technical Scheme of Governance in Addressing Climate Change

通過從經濟與財政可能性、政治倫理可行性、技術和行政操作可行性三個方面將諸多零散的碳稅和碳排放交易的利弊分析進行梳理和系統化，碳排放交易的現實可行性和優勢得以顯現。同時，通過對歐盟和美國碳排市場建設歷史經驗的縱向分析和現狀的橫向比較，強制性碳排放市場的重要意義和排放市場建設漸進主義的優勢得以體現。藉此，結合我國排汙交易的歷史經驗與最新的政策法律導向，建構漸進主義原則下碳排放市場發展的法律主線和具體制度方案值得嘗試。中國應再循序漸進地況大碳排放交易主體和範圍的基礎上，通過不斷修正市場激勵、交易和輔助機制，逐步完善碳排放市場的內在交易機理並實現與國際氣候治理機制的銜接，成為未來氣候治理的領導者。The analysis of pros and cons of carbon tax and carbon emission trading is clarified and systemized by applying an analytical framework from three perspectives respectively: economic and fiscal feasibility, the feasibility of political ethics and technical and administrative operability. The feasibility and advantages of carbon emission trading mechanism are identified. In addition, through, the longitudinal analysis of the historical experience of the EU and the U. S. in building carbon emission markets as well as the comparison of the status quo of various mechanisms, it affirms the significance of mandatory carbon emission market mechanism, and reveals the advantage of incrementalism in the construction of carbon emission markets. Combining the experience in emissions trading in China's history with the latest guiding policy and legislation, building under the principle of incrementalism an overarching scheme in developing carbon market as well as a specific institutional plan is worth trying. Specifically, based on the progressive expansion of the subject and scope of carbon emission trading, by constantly revising market incentives, transaction mechanism as well as supporting institutions, China shall gradually improve the intrinsic transaction mechanism of the carbon emission market, and synchronize with the international climate governance mechanism and become the leader of the climate governance in the future.