中國傳統法律解釋的技術與意蘊──以清代典型的注釋律學文本為視域

Technicality and Implications of Chinese Traditional Legal Explanation through Analyzing the Classical Works of the Qing Dynasty

以具有代表性的清代注釋律學文本為視域，可以呈現出中國傳統法律解釋的技術方法和精神意蘊。在法律解釋的技術方法上，從字詞考據、文義疏解再到文理闡釋，中國傳統的法律解釋與傳統漢語中的文義解釋路徑高度契合。歷史考證技術以沿革考證和引用經典素材為典型體現，亦能生動地反映傳統中國注釋律家之學術素養；以概念語辭互證、律例比較互釋、律學著作引證為代表的比較解釋技術也臻於完善。治」與仁」彰顯了中國傳統法律解釋者的觀念主旨，展現出法律實用主義與儒家倫理觀念的共融。延至清代，法律解釋者們雖然仍堅守尊崇法典的觀念，但也孕育出理性而謹慎的批判精神。中國傳統的法律解釋在技術方法與觀念價值上的契合與共融，能夠為彌合當前法律發展所面臨的技術與觀念之間的分裂衝突提供歷史借鑑。The technicality and implications of the Chinese traditional legal explanation can be well expressed through analyzing the classical works of the Qing dynasty. In the field of explanation technicality, the Chinese traditional legal explanations shared the same characters with traditional classical explanation in expounding from term and legal provisions the literary pieces. Historical explanation technique can be presented through evolution and adducting the classical works, which shows the Chinese traditional legal scholars' accomplishment. The comparative explanation technique also was enlightened with the comparative form involving terms, legal provisions and works. The social order and ethical good are elementary implications shared by Chinese traditional legal scholars. It is the typical expression of legal Confucian. Through the works and legal explanations of Qing dynasty, we can see the coexisting of homage and rational critique to the code. These coexisting and harmonization of technicality and implications are valuable for comprehending the current puzzles in the contemporary legal fields.