國際金融機構的公眾問責制

Public Accountability of International Financial Institutions

國際社會意識到，為了給予私人應有的法律保護，應該存在一種對國際金融機構的公眾問責機制。在國際法律框架內，當私人利益受到國際金融機構侵害時，可以通過兩種途徑向機構問責：一是向國際金融機構內部的部門投訴，二是向所在國法院起訴。但實踐中，這兩種途徑都沒有為私人提供真正的法律救濟。也就是說，目前的問責制尚不足以使國際金融機構為其違法行為負責。這種狀況不符合國際法對國際金融機構的基本要求，也阻礙了私人受害方享受法律賦予的基本權利。在國際金融機構內部設立爭端解決機構非常困難，適當擴大國內法院的管轄權，限制對”職能必要”過於寬泛的解釋，應是一個可行的路徑選擇。With the concerns of the private rights in international law, the international community has realized that in order to provide due legal protection to individuals, there should be public accountability mechanisms for international financial institutions. In the current framwork of international law, when the private interest is violated by the international financial institutions, individuals can claim accountability of institutions through two ways：one is complaining to the review panel in the institutions, another is bringing suits a-gainst institutions in national courts, But in practice, these two methods provide no real judicial relief for in-dividuals who cannot receive adequate legal remedy. It means that the international financial institutions do not need to be accountable for their illegal actions. This situation not only runs counter to the basic require-ments of international law for international financial institutions, but also hinders private parties from enjo-ying their basic legal rights. So this problem has to be resolved to meet the development of international law. Combined with the current development in practice, it is difficult to establish a dispute seelement body in the international financial institutions. A viable path is to retrict interpretations of 'functional necessity'and exercise jurisdictions by national courts.