錢大昕陳鱣詩稿二種辨偽

Evidential Studies on Two Publications of Poems of Qian Daxin and Chen Zhan

近年大陸文史研究蔚興，舊學商量日加邃密，各地所藏珍籍秘鈔景本應運紛出，學者稱便。間亦有編者失於考覈，致偽品雜廁其中。本文考證中國國家圖書館《乾嘉名人別集叢刊》中所收錢大昕（1728－1804）詩稿《南陽集》六卷，與錢氏年代、事跡俱不合，其書絕非錢大昕之詩，而係後人據馬曰璐（1695－1775）《南齋集》、《南齋詞》變造為之，偽跡歷歷，固不可掩。另文物出版社近年影印《中國近代名賢書札》，中有《陳鱣詩稿冊》一種，今覈其詩，其詩風、題材與陳鱣（1753－1817）現存之詩迥異其趣。按《詩稿冊》中有〈檢乙未鄉闈落卷，有懷房薦師蕭公〉一詩，乙未鄉闈為道光十五年（1835）恩科，其時陳鱣卒已十八年，則此詩稿絕非陳鱣之詩，較然甚明；其原作者何人雖莫得而詳，然可確證為道光、咸豐間人之作。今各詳列事證，以辨其偽，庶免謬種流傳，貽誤來學。Humanities studies in Mainland China have progressed recently with great vigor. Reexaminations and debates in the scholarship of the past evolve daily with profundity and meticulousness. Rare books and hand-written copies were discovered one after another in different places, greatly facilitating scholars' studies. There are some texts, however, lacking the requisite historical exegeses before being reprinted. Thus, some forged works are mixed unchecked among the authentic ones in modern editions. The present essay argues, for instance, that the author of Nanyang ji, a collection of poems collected in the 'Series of Side-works of Eminent Writers in the Qianlong and Jiaqing Reigns', is not Qian Daxin as the editor incorrectly identifies. Those poems are actually forged by a younger generation in the fashion of Ma Yuelu's poetic works, such as 'Nanzhai ji' and 'Nanzhai ci'. The forgery is as evidentially traceable as arguably apparent. In addition, 'Poems of Chen Zhan', collected in 'Letters and Essays of Virtuous Celebrities in Early Modern China' published by Wenwu PubLushing Inc., is also falsely attributed to Chen Zhan by the editor. After detailed analyses, I find those poems do not resonate with the age in which Chen lived. The genres and topics of the poems differ considerably from common genres and topics of Chen's time, and there are anachronisms. It is hard to identify the authorship of the poems, but they must have been written either during the Daoguang or Xianfeng reign periods. This essay illustrates the detailed evidence proving the forgeries of the works abovementioned, in the hope that false identifications will no longer circulate in generations to come.