陶淵明的吾廬意識與園田世界

Tao Yuanming's Concept of 'Wu lu' and the World of Peasantry

本文旨在聯結「自然」一詞的中文古義與新解，重探陶淵明「田園詩」的典範意蘊。第一節，先對「園田」、「田園」的語義進行析解。第二節，從最具體的也是最根源的生存活動——「居住」，探討陶淵明安居園田的「吾廬意識」與心靈的「虛室境界」。第三節，從勞動與群居兩個面向說明人在大地「居住」的本質意義。第四節則說明陶淵明如何經由虛靜之心向平遠的園田、高渺的天際投射，以內在的虛靜與宇宙的浩瀚共振和鳴，使己身包孕在清和的氣氛裏。第五節，進一步說明經由園田所開展的世界，不僅廣袤浩瀚，同時也充滿四時循環、生死代興的天道秩序，啟悟人任化知命，安然回歸本宅。最後，總結陶淵明作為「田園詩人之祖」的文化史意義。This essay aims to connect the ancient meaning of 'nature' with its new interpretation in the Chinese context as part of a re-exploration into the paradigmatic meaning of Tao Yuanming's 'pastoral poetry.' The first section begins with a semantic analysis of 'farmland' (yuan tian) and 'manor' (tian yuan). The second section, viewing 'dwelling' as the most concrete and original existential activity, probes into Tao Yuanming's 'consciousness of my home/my place (wu lu)' and his 'spiritual state like an empty room (xu shi).' The third section interprets the essential meaning of human beings' dwelling upon the earth from the perspectives of labor and gregariousness. The fourth section explains how Tao Yuanming, by projecting his open and serene mind onto expansive farmlands and the remote horizon, echoes his internal openness and serenity with the universe, embedding himself in the atmosphere of pleasant harmony. The fifth section further illustrates how the world unfolded by the pastoral is not only boundless but also immersed in the natural order of the seasonal and life cycle, inspiring people to 'go with the flow' (ren hua), to be resigned to fate (zhi ming), and to peacefully return to one's profound self. Finally, it concludes with the significance of Tao Yuanming as the 'father of pastoral poetry' in cultural history.