論林希元「易經存疑」的義理發揮與致用思想

An Interpretation of Lin Xiyuan's Yi jing cunyi: Hidden Meanings and Application to Practical Statecraft

本文主要討論明儒林希元《易經存疑》的著述目的與特色。首先，探討該書與舉業的關聯，以及林氏的經學觀與《易》學觀，並說明林氏所理解的「模寫」說及易象的虛實說。本文所關注者，該書既承繼朱子《周易本義》與蔡清《易經蒙引》諸多觀點，是否僅順承而無所開展？經研究發現，雖然該書承繼許多朱子、蔡清的說法，然而著書目的卻與二子不同，朱、蔡二子重在解經，而林氏卻以通經致用為目標，而該書之特色便在於義理發揮與經世致用這兩方面。故本文分析該書之卦義及卦、爻辭解釋及義理發揮，並考察林氏的理氣觀與「即心求物」說，並探究該書的致用觀。最後歸結出，《存疑》於《本義》、《蒙引》之後，在義理發揮與經世致用的表現上，有其重要貢獻。The purpose of this study is to discuss Lin Xiyuan's main purpose in and characteristics of writing Yi jing cunyi. The first part emphasizes four aspects: (1) the relationship between Yi jing cunyi and imperial examinations, (2) Lin4liviewpoints on the theory of Confucian classics and the Yi, (3) the meaning of 'image-taking,' and (4) the theory of illusion and reality. It is still debatable whether Lin Xiyuan's Yi jing cunyi merely followed the ideas of Zhu Xi's Zhou yi benyi and Cai Qing's Yi jing mengyin or whether he developed and extended his own thoughts. Although Lin borrowed ideas from Zhu Xi and Cai Qing, yet there are some differences between the purposes of Lin4nli Yi Jing cunyi and those of Zhu Xi's and Cai Qing's studies. The former tries to master classical books for practical applications, while the latter put emphasis on explaining them. After further studying the meanings of gua, the explanations of hexagram lines, corrections and extensions of philosophy, the theory of li and qi, the detailed investigation of the principles, and the ideas about practical statecraft based on Lin's Yi jing cunyi, we conclude that Yi jing cunyi follows the ideas of Zhou Yi benyi and Yi Jing mengyin, and at the same time makes great contributions towards the interpretation of hidden meanings and application to practical statecraft.