〈桃花源記并詩〉的神話、心理學詮釋－－陶淵明的道家式「樂園」新探

A Mythological and Psychological Interpretation of 'a Record of Peach Blossom Spring, with Poem'- A New Exploration of Tao Yuanming's Taoist Paradise

陶淵明的詩文作品處處散發回歸自然、本真的精神，並對時間和死亡有超乎常人的敏感意識；此人格特質從心靈鍊金術角度言，顯然是一種成熟的老靈魂。本文先從詩文中勾勒出陶氏老靈魂的特質和內涵，並由此老靈魂性格的宗教超越向度來說明：為何陶氏作品會不時流露出神話的意象和關懷。其次，重新對〈桃花源記并詩〉進行神話心理學詮釋，期望將詩文的神話原型意象和敘述結構，給盡量暴露出來，以形成一個系統性的神話閱讀效果。再則，本文從〈桃花源記并詩〉的細讀過程中，發現陶氏的樂園既不是神話樂園也不是仙鄉樂園，而是近於老莊的自然物自身樂園，只是帶有更多的人間意味而已。並且從桃花源對政治暴力的遠離和批判，本文將進一步澄清桃花源和烏托邦的重要差異，因為前者的歸宿在自然田園、本真無為，後者的歸宿則在政治分配、理性計算。最後，陶氏對樂園內涵的描述，其實和他詩文作品中，所流露出來的新玄學精神，可以形成詮釋的循環互證。We can find the theme of 'returning to the nature and being oneself' prevalent in Tao Yuanming's works. He has an extraordinary sensitivity to time and death. He has the psychological characteristics of an 'old soul' according to spiritual alchemy's vision. First, I describe the meaning of the term 'old soul' from the content in his works and make it clear in a religious dimension. From the point of view of religion, I explain why there are so many mythological images in his works. Second, I interpret M Record of Peach Blossom Spring, with Poem from the perspective of mythology and psychology. In order to make the interpretation systematically mythological, I reveal the archetypal images and narrative structures in the text. Third, I distinguish the paradise of Tao Yuanming from mythical paradise and Taoist fairy paradise, which, in my opinion, are better called 'paradises of all natural beings-in-themselves,' based on Laozi4ti4 and Zhuangzi4J4 conceptions. Fourth, this paper also makes a fundamental distinction between 'arcadia' and 'utopia' according to the different categories of nature and politics. Finally, I discover what supports the idea that Tao Yuanming's paradise corresponds to his new metaphysical works.