臺灣近年薪資成長停滯原因探討及改善對策

A Study on the Problem of Wage Stagnation in Taiwan

近年薪資成長低迷不振，實質平均薪資轉變為負成長（-0.19%），較10年前減少1,005元，惟實質GDP仍有3.87%的正成長，經濟成長而薪資不漲反縮減的現象，已嚴重影響社會安定與經濟成長；造成的原因錯綜復雜，本文認為關鍵因素有二項，首先為製造業及服務業發展已面臨產業轉型問題，競爭優勢已逐漸減弱，附加價值亦漸漸下滑；最後為人力資源與產業發展步調不一致，導致勞動供需脫節，發生超額供給；因而削弱薪資成長的動能。因此，要改善薪資成長低迷的現象，關鍵在於優化臺灣產業結構，提升產業附加價值；另外，應建立人力發展與產業供需的協調機制，使產業各有所需，人才各有所用發揮其長，方能創造薪資成長的空間。

Wage growth in Taiwan has stagnated conspicuously in recent years. Compared to ten years ago, the average real wage has fallen by NT$1,005, a decrease of 0.19%, while real GDP has increased by 3.87%. This phenomenon of the economy growing but wages not rising and even falling has severely affected social stability and economic growth. Though its causes are complex, this study identifies two key factors: Firstly, manufacturing and service industry development is facing problems of industrial transition, causing the gradual weakening of competitive advantages and the slow erosion of added value. Secondly, manpower development is out of step with industrial development, causing disjunction between labor supply and demand. These two factors have had a strong impact in diminishing the driving forces of wage growth. Therefore, the key to improving the phenomenon of depressed wage growth is to enhance Taiwan’s industrial structure and raise industries’ value added. In addition, there is need to establish a mechanism for coordinating manpower development with industry supply and demand, to optimize the tailoring of manpower development to industry needs. These are the essential steps required to create room for wage growth.