台灣產業結構轉變與勞動生產力變動之探討

An Empirical Study on Changes in Taiwan's Industrial Structure and Labor Productivity

本文探討1982至2000年，台灣產業結構轉變及就業結構變動對勞動生產力之影響。製造業、金融保險工商服務業分別在1980、1990年代扮演帶動成長與吸收就業的角色。個別產業的勞動生產力成長為全體產業勞動生產力成長的主要來源，惟1980年代後期以來，就業結構變動的貢獻明顯提高。1990年代後期以來，金融服務業與電子業之勞動生產力成長趨緩，部分傳統產業呈現勞動節約技術，凸顯台灣缺乏勞動生產力快速提升、可吸納勞動的產業之隱憂。

This paper examines the impact on labor productivity of changes in Taiwan’s industrial and employment structures during 1982-2000. Manufacturing industry and financial, insurance and commercial services played a significant role in driving growth and absorbing labor in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. Productivity growth of individual industries has been the major source of overall productivity growth. However, since the late 1980s, the contribution from change in the employment structure has markedly increased. And since the late 1990s, the financial services and electronics sectors have seen slower labor productivity growth, while some traditional industries have utilized more labor-saving technology. This serves to highlight the latent dangers of Taiwan’s lack of industries with rapid labor productivity growth and high labor absorption.