「醫心方」——日本現存最古醫書（1）：「醫心方」之撰述

Ishinpo-The Oldest Extant Medical Classic Ⅰ. The Writing of ＂Ishinpo＂

醫心方三十卷，為日本現存最古之醫書，鋮博士丹波康賴所撰，於永觀二年(984)十一月二十八日呈獻給朝廷。本書引用了兩百餘部中國隋唐時代典藏之醫書，摘錄其精髓編纂而成之醫學全書，內容包含醫學、本草學及養生法等，項目多達一萬數百條。醫心方中所引用之中國醫藥典籍，在中國多已散佚，或經宋代之修改，惟有在醫心方中得窺其原貌，且完整的保存傳至今日。因而在醫學史及文獻學上佔極重要的位置。四百餘年前，由正親町天皇下賜半井家之醫心方於昭和五十七年(1982)政府收回成為國有，且五十九年(1984)即醫心方成書一千年時被指定為國寶。本文敘述醫心方之由來、撰述背景、引用書目及條文及各卷之概略，而將於次兩期陸續刊載醫心方之內容及傳承。

The thirty-volume ”Ishinpo” is the oldest extant medical text in Japan. It was compiled by Yasuyori Tanba, a doctor of traditional acupuncture, in 984 AD, and dedicated to the Emperor. The text cited more than 200 Chinese medical and pharmaceutical texts of the Sui and T'ang dynasties, and contains over 10,000 itemized excerpts covering medicine, pharmacology, health regimen, etc. Since most of the original Chinese source texts quoted have been either lost or were revised during the Sung dynasty, the Ishinpo is the only book that preserves their pristine form. For this reason, the Ishinpo is considered to be of great importance in the history of medical literaturre. The original version of the Ishinpo was presented to the Nakarai family by Emperor Ogimachi about 420 years ago, and it was returned to the government in 1982. Two years later, on the millenary of its writing, it was officially designated as a National Treasure of Japan. This article describes the development, background, and outline of each volume of the Ishinpo and the cited references. Two further articles dealing with its contentions and transmission will follow.