近30年中國大陸「本土化」思潮的縮影－－錢穆的身份認同與錢穆敘事的變遷

A Miniature of the “Localization” Process in Mainland China during the Past Thirty years—The Identity and Narrative Shifts about Qian Mu

「本土化」是中國學術思潮的兩條主線之一。錢穆「一生為故國招魂」，對中國傳統文化滿懷「溫情與敬意」，不僅是「本土化」思潮的一位代表學者，而且其多維身份認同契合了當代中國學術思潮的不同學術語境，從而折射著「本土化」思潮在改革開放以來這一時段的歷史進程。1980 年代，其文化史家的身份認同即與「文化熱」的語境頗符節拍；1990 年代，其國學大師的身份認同則與「國學熱」的語境產生了時代的共鳴；時至最近10 年，「本土化」與「西方化」漸有匯流的健康趨勢，而錢穆國學大師與教育家的雙重身份認同又與此一趨勢若合符節。因此，錢穆可以被視為近30 年中國「本土化」思潮的一個縮影。

SS Alice Dollar incident, an exact reflection of civil wars, social disorder and soldier-bandit outrages along Yangtze, was an important historical event between China and US in the 1920s. Chinese soldiers bet and injured Americans on the American ship, SS Alice Dollar at Ichang. This was a humiliation to the US sovereignty and respect. American sailors from a gunboat nearby got on board the steamer immediately, arrested the Chinese soldiers in flagrante delicto, and then kept them in custody on the gunboat. US Naval intervention made this incident more complicated. Furthermore, this incident occurred just after the four naval powers, US, Great Britain, Japan and France, planned working together to deal with the navigation security problem on Yangtze. American Commander, Yangtze Patrol, as the main initiator of the naval cooperation, tried every effective way to remove unstable elements on Yangtze. Thus, a seemingly simple conflict became a serious incident, and tense diplomatic negotiations about extradition and trial between US and China followed. Due to the fact that Chinese soldiers were kept on board American gunboat, the attitude and intervention of US Navy definitely would influence the result of the matter. On modern history, Sino-foreign conflicts and gunboat diplomacy brought by the Powers used to be one of the most important factors for shaping the relationship between China and foreign countries. After World War I, US took the lead on the Powers' policies toward China. The conflict-solving strategies and patterns between the US and China would be important models. Mild or hard line that the US Navy took in the interventions and negotiations would not only arouse the Chinese people's complex feeling to Americans, but also make other Powers following in the same way. Secondly, settlement of the disputes always involved delicate diplomatic negotiations and legal trials, but US Naval intervention would make the things different. In other words, besides conducting military demonstrations, US Navy might try to work on the diplomatic and legal affairs indirectly at the same time.