日間照顧中心中高齡者行為特徵與活動規模之研究－－「混合收托型」日照中心空間規劃與設計之探討

A Study on Behavior Characteristics and Activities Scale in Day Service Center for Elderly－The Planning and Design of Mix User Type DSC

國內多數老人日間照顧中心都將是兩類高齡者一起收托的「混合收托型」，在建築規劃與設計範疇尚缺乏探討空間設備與實質環境對不同特質受托高齡者的互動與影響。本研究應用行為場景（behavior setting ）的理論，採用個案研究的方式，從失能和失智受托高齡者屬性差異、空間設備等面向著眼，分析比較兩處「混合收托型」老人日間照顧中心不同身心機能狀況受托高齡者的行為內容差異、互動狀況及空間設備對行為的影響。調查數據顯示失智組、失能+ 失智組的人際交流互動次數並不比失能組少，失能不同身心機能狀況的高齡者間也有互動，肯定「混合收托型」日照中心對受托高齡者提供社會刺激且扮演著與外界交流的接觸點。建議未來日間照顧中心空間的規劃設計應注重不同身心機能狀況受托高齡者的需求，提供可以容納多樣化情境及不同氛圍、不同活動人數規模的活動場所與空間設備。若只有單一活動空間，宜確保較寬廣的面積，並將單一活動空間分隔成複數個不同面積大小及情境的活動區以因應不同活動人數規模的需求。並將原先老人日間照顧中心相關空間設備中的「符合樓地板面積平均每人6.6 ㎡以上」規定修訂成「符合日常活動空間平均每人6 ㎡以上」。

In order to carry out the ideal of 'aging in place' and continuing the old living style of the elderly in community, so the architectural planning and design of Day Service Center for the elderly is an important task to carrying out community-base care in the future. This research occurred an observation by survey method of 'behavior setting,' tracing the behavior contents, interaction condition and activity types of the elderly, trying to break down the behavioral characteristics and activities scale by two different mix-user types cases of DSC. Finally, we suggest for answering the variety needs and activities scale of the elderly, we suggest the space of Day service center should be designed to supply various activity rooms with different atmospheres. And the Ministry of Interior should modify the specification of DSC for the elderly from ' floor area should be more than 6.6 square meters per person ' to ' daily activity space should be more than 6 square meters per person '. Besides the common curriculum of Day Service Center for the elderly for the handicapped and dementia elderly, should be with more flexibility and allow some free choices for users in the future.