臺南市既有國民住宅高齡者居住環境現況性能之研究

A Study on the Living Environment of the Elderly in Public Housing Complexes of Tainan City

本研究基於「在宅安養」之觀點，提出「高齡者居住環境現況性能檢討架構」，將高齡者居住環境性能分「安全性」、「便利性」、「舒適性」、「健康性」及「福祉性」等五大類，再分別針對室內、住棟、社區及都市環境等四個面向建構檢討內容。本研究依據上述檢討架構，選定台南市六處國民住宅社區，進行高齡者居住環境現況性能檢討，結果如下：1.安全性：室內消防逃生避難設備及公共空間夜間照度不足，影響高齡者居住環境之安全性能。「浴廁」為高齡者最常發生意外且為優先想要改修的室內空間。2.便利性：門檻與高低差造成高齡者移動障礙，門窗、電氣設備等設施較缺乏高齡者使用便利性的考量。高齡者常使用之都市設施尚為普及，約5-15 分鐘內即能到達。3.舒適性：高齡者對噪音干擾的不滿意度（21.8%）最高。開放式、遠離主要道路之社區配置方式，對居住環境的舒適滿意度具有正面效果。4.健康性：高齡者認為社區應增設醫療站（26.8%）及垃圾收集場（30.4%），且對自宅增設遠距健康監控設備有明顯之需求（14.2%）。5.褔祉性：社區活動的參與度及滿意度受管委會舉辦活動積極度影響。高齡者（20.1%）認為社區應提供「長青食堂」服務，然其需要更為充足的公共空間來配合。高齡者之日常活動區域以住家及社區為主，對都市福祉設施的使用率偏低。最後，本研究依據上述現況性能檢討結果並參考國內外相關法令，對現行國民住宅相關法令之設施、空間及設備等條文進行檢視並提出須重新檢討之項目。

This study, based on the concept of 'aging in place,' proposes a framework for evaluating the quality of elderly living environment, which is divided into five categories, that is, safety, convenience, comfort, health, and welfare. The framework proposed in this study establishes the checking items from four aspects, which are indoor, building, community, and urban environment. On the basis of this framework, we investigate six public housing complexes in Tainan City. The main findings are as follows: 1. Safety: insufficient indoor fire emergency equipments and insufficient lightning in public spaces seriously jeopardize the safety of the elderly. In addition, bathrooms are the most dangerous places for the elderly, and thus renovating it to be a safe place for the elderly becomes high priority. 2. Convenience: different heights of doorsills often create dangerous walking conditions for the elderly. Also, the operation of doors, windows, and electric equipments are lack of considering the convenience for the elderly. On the other hand, the public facilities, which are often used by the elderly and within fifteen minutes of transportation time, are pervasive in the city. 3. Comfort: the elderly have the highest dissatisfaction with the noise disturbance (21.8%). Either 'opening complexes' or the complexes located far away from main roads have higher user satisfaction with living environment. 4. Health: the elderly conceive that the complex should establish medical stations (26.8%) and garbage collecting places (30.4%). In addition, the elderly have great needs for distance health surveillance facilities in their homes (14.2%). 5. Welfare: the participation and satisfaction of community activities are strongly influenced by the attitudes of the housing management committee. The elderly (20.1%) prefer that the complex should provide food service, thus housing complexes need more spaces to carry out this idea. Moreover, the elderly daily activities mainly take place in their homes and complexes, and the use of the city welfare facilities is rather low. Finally, this study, based on the results discussed above and pertinent codes in Taiwan and foreign countries, reviews the articles of public housing regulations related with facility, space, and equipment. As a result, a set of items are proposed for possible revision.