構造之圖式研究：以雲林山線民居屋架構造為例

A Schematic Approach to Construction: A Case of Traditional House Frame in Yunlin Mountain Area

構造為造屋之術。造屋之術起於材料之認識與處理，成於構造目的之達成。在材料與目的之間，可視為構造物透過構造法進行轉型的過程。在轉型的過程中，產生不同階段的構造物，且具備不同的幾何性質與物理性質。而構造法乃依據構造物之性質產生，將當下的構造物轉型為下一階段的構造物，以此推動構造的轉型。雖材料到目的之間充滿了各種可能性，但構造往往依循某些特殊的操作模式來安排各構造物的位置以及與相鄰構造物的交接關係，此模式可稱為構造之「圖式」。構造圖式在材料的條件與構造目的限制之下鋪陳了一條構造自主的道路。本研究選擇雲林山線民居屋架之分間牆作為分析案例，說明上述構造之層次觀念、圖式觀念，以及驗證構造圖式在描述應用與設計應用的能力。而以構造圖式觀點重新檢視當地民居構造，可發現構造圖式之碎形現象，此現象亦標示出構造圖式未來研究發展的廣度與潛力。

Construction is a technique of building. It starts from recognizing and manipulating materials, and ends at when the purposes of construction are achieved. The process between materials and purposes can be viewed as a series of transformation of the built. During the process, different levels of outcomes with different physical and geometric characteristics are built. The construction techniques, deriving from the characteristics, bring some objects of a level to the next. Thus the transformation of construction is motivated. Although possibilities fulfill between materials and purposes, the process of construction somehow follows some patterns, which place an object and connect to adjacent ones. The patterns are defined as a construction 'schema'. The schema builds the autonomy of construction between materials and purposes. The partitioning walls of traditional houses in Yunlin mountain area are chosen as examples to illustrate the concept of construction levels and constructional schema. After reviewing the house construction of with the concept of constructional scheme, a fractal phenomenon of constructional schema can be found. The fractal phenomenon thus indicates the scope and potential of the future development of construction schema.