仁愛之家入居者生活空間與活動領域之比較研究－－以高雄市立仁愛之家自費廳舍為例

A Comparison Study on Living Space and Activity Territory for the Elderly Living in Charitable Home—By Cases of Chi-Fei Institutions in Kaohsiung City Relief Institution

公立仁愛之家是1960 年代由縣市政府設置的大規模、集體照護之典型救濟收容機構。本研究採用個別深入訪談、觀察及time-study 之調查方法，以高雄市立仁愛之家自費廳舍為研究對象，主要研究目的如下：（1 ）嘗試從身心機能的角度，探討養護機構、安養機構及老人公寓等三種不同性質自費廳舍之入居者在各層級生活空間之使用行為與活動領域的特徵；（2 ）分析並探討上述空間使用行為與活動領域差異的影響因素；（3 ）歸納未來仁愛之家在硬體生活空間及軟體照顧管理服務層面應克服的議題。研究結果顯示養護廳舍呈現制式化的空間氛圍，多數入居者活動領域侷限在廳舍空間內，過著在寢室床位與廳舍公共空間來回的單調生活節奏。而在安養機構與老人公寓在廳舍空間使用行為則呈現寢室及浴廁空間功能過於膨脹，及烹煮、用餐、儲藏等行為外溢到公共空間的現象。入居者基本屬性方面，如身心機能狀況、經濟能力、教育程度、代步交通工具、親友或外界支援等；硬體空間條件方面，如寢室、廳舍公共空間配置、戶外空間無障礙環境的落實等；及軟體管理服務方面，如三餐飲食、休閒社交活動的舉辦等諸因素均影響入居者的生活空間使用行為與活動領域，其中又以身心機能狀況扮演關鍵性因素。並建議未來仁愛之家朝提供確保私密性及個人領域之縮小版的「家」及提供多元具不同情境的無障礙廳舍公共空間、非制式化可供彈性選擇的飲食服務、多樣的休閒娛樂及社交支援服務等議題調整改進。

Public Charitable Homes were established by municipal government in the 1960s, were stereotyped relief institution with large scale, with congregated care services. This research chose Chi-Fei Institutions in Kaohsiung City Relief Institution as objectives, we conducted focused interviews, observations and time-study surveys, and there are three main purposes in this study: （ 1） By view of health states, to realize the characteristics of using behaviors of living space and activity territory of the elderly in three kinds of Chi-Fei institutions; （ 2） To look into the reasons and causes of different using behaviors of living space and activity territory of the elderly; （ 3） To conclude the orientations in the future for Charitable Home, from a board view of physical aspects and socio-cultural aspects of environment. We suggest four topics that Charitable Home should improve in the future: to supply a mini-type home considered with privacy and personal territory; plural accessible common space; flexible and with choices meal service; better support various recreation and interaction.