廁所兩性使用人數比例參考基準值之建立－－以大學系所院館建築為例

Benchmarking Sex Proportions for Restroom Programming – Cases of University Buildings

因應社會大眾對於男女廁所資源平等的要求，國內建築技術規則建築物裝設最小衛生設備數量標準的規定於民國85 年及民國95 年兩次進行修訂。檢視兩次修訂社會大眾所提出的問題與訴求，吾人可以發現二者並無多大差異。茲所以會產生此現象，主要在於廁所衛生設備設置數量涉及到兩個因子：設置標準與兩性使用人數。若只單就設置標準進行修訂而不對兩性使用人數進行探討，其結果將不足以確保男女廁所資源可以趨近達成社會大眾所要求的平等。就兩性使用人數計算而言，常見以「兩性各半」的方式進行，然而，此方式並無法真正反映所有建築物兩性使用人數可能的比例。就此，本研究以大學系所院館建築為例，進行案例系所廁所兩性使用人數比例參考基準值的建立。研究採統計檢定確認參考基準值的代表性，並依據最新法規標準進行實務應用的檢証。研究發現，依據真實情形進行兩性使用人數比例參考基準值的設定，不僅可以提高使用者需求滿足的水準，使得廁所資源的分配更為合理與有效，實務上，也不必然造成衛生設備設置總數量的增加。

Due to public voices in requesting equality between male and female restroom facilities, Taiwan’s Code Standards of Elimination Fixtures was revised in 1996 and 2006. However, to reach this equality, one more factor needs to be examined, i.e., the sex proportions of the building occupancy load. Traditionally, to program and determine the building occupancy load’s sex proportions, 50/50 method is used. However, for many buildings, this method cannot represent the true sex composition properly. The sex proportions of some university building cases are studied and values for programming purpose are suggested. The results show that using the suggested values will increase the level of users’ needs fulfillment, allocate elimination fixtures more properly and effectively between sexes, and not necessarily increase the total amount of fixtures required as compared to the 50/50 method.