北宋中後期文帥的任官分析：以陝西的軍政類安撫使為例（1041-1125）

A Study of Bureaucratic Character of “Civil Pacification Commissioners” in the Northern Song Shaanxi (1041-1125)

北宋仁宗朝（r.1022-1063）中期以後，北宋朝廷開始以文臣為地方軍區統帥：軍政類安撫使，管理地方軍隊，穩定區域秩序。這些安撫使因為以文臣的身分處理軍務，有軍事成就者會被譽為「儒將」。本文以陝西的文臣軍政類安撫使（文帥）為研究主體，檢視他們的出身背景，以及任職文帥之前的官宦生涯，進而探討北宋朝廷任用文帥的主要考量依據。

After 1040, the Song court started to appoint civil officials as pacification commissioners (civil pacification commissioners, 文 帥) to command regional troops and maintain regional order. When achieving military credits, civil pacification commissionersofficials with Confucian backgrounds taking charge of military affairs- would be renowned as “Confucian generals”. This article focuses on those civil pacification commissioners in Shaanxi circuit in the Northern Song China to analyze their personal backgrounds and their bureaucratic character before serving as civil pacification commissioners, hoping to further discuss who would probably be appointed as civil pacification commissioners in the Northern Song China.