犯罪少年刺青行為的調查研究

Tattooing and Juvenile Delinquency in Taiwan

本研究旨在探究犯罪少年刺青行為的樣態與動機之現況，以瞭解刺青與少年犯罪的關係。以全國犯罪少年為調查母群，採叢集分層隨機原則抽樣，抽取有效樣本806位。以「刺青態度量表」與「行為表現自陳問卷」調查受試施刺青態度與行為，所得資料依描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、t檢定、區別分析等加以分析，結果顯示：犯罪少年刺青盛行率為47.4%、初刺年齡以13-15歲居多（56%）、且有83.8%採行非專業性刺青。刺青少年比未刺青者對刺青抱持較積極與接受的態度。暴力犯罪、所受裁判越重、收容入獄次數越多、前科次數越多者，有刺青的比例越高。刺青後表示後悔者有59.6%，曾經去除刺青者約40.7%。朋友在少年刺青行為上扮演著關鍵性角色，是訊息與價值觀的傳遞者、行為楷模、場所提供者、刺青施作者、及主要影響人物。刺青動機以好奇居多，女性較因好玩、無聊、心情不好而刺青；暴力犯罪者則更因無聊、幫派認同而刺青；初刺年齡較早者較因幫派認同而刺青；紋身館刺青者較因表現自我、追求流行、美觀、增加好運、紀念、自我勉勵、及幫派認同等動機而刺青。教育程度、罪名數、家庭社經地位、家人刺青人數、及好朋友刺青人數等五個變項能有效區別72.6%刺青犯罪少年。

This study investigated the relationship between tattooing and delinquency for Taiwanese juveniles. Participants were selected from the population of juvenile delinquents in Taiwan by cluster sampling. 806 valid samples were obtained. Participants completed the Attitude Rating scale and the Behavioral Self-expression Questionnaire to assess attitudes and behaviors related to tattooing. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and discriminate analysis. Of the total sample, 47.4% reported having permanent tattoos. More than half of the tattooed delinquents (56%) received their first tattoo between 13 and 15 years of age, and 83.8% were tattooed either by themselves or by friends. Those with severer sentences, more time in prison, and longer records of previous and especially violent crime, were more likely to have tattoos. Of the violent offenders, 59.6% expressed regret after getting a tattoo and 40.7% had had a tattoo removed. Peers played a key role as communicators of information and values, and models of behavior. The main motive to get a tattoo was curiosity. Females were more likely than males to have gotten a tattoo for fun or out of boredom or moodiness. Compared with non-violent offenders, violent offenders got tattooed because they felt bored and in order to prove identity with a gang. Those whose first-time tattoo occurred before age 12 tended to get tattooed to show identity with fellow gang members, and not for aesthetic appearances. Compared with those juveniles whose tattoos were self-administered or obtained from friends, juveniles whose tattoos were professionally administered were more likely to have been motivated by self-expression, fashion, aesthetics, luck, memorial, self-encouragement, or for gang identity. The tattooed delinquents had a more positive and favorable attitude toward tattooing than the non-tattooed delinquents. Education, records of crime, socio-economic status, number of friends with tattoos, and number of tattooed family member significantly differentiated 72.6% of the juvenile delinquents. Implications of this study for youth counseling and probation counseling are discussed.