說是一物即不中：從倫理性轉向療癒觀點反思震災存活者的悲悼歷程

The Truth is Beyond Words: Reflection on the Mourning Processes of Earthquake Survivors from the Perspective of Ethical Turn Healing

當心理治療正典化為一門實證專業時，也漸遠離人類受苦世界的前緣。在所謂的科學訓練領航下，心理治療者的角色被規訓化，語言敘事朝向格式化，其用來應付個案心身病痛的策略，成為某種技術指南的操演競技場；「疾病」作為一個整體的精神現象被打破了，變成無數單獨的、可以準確編目的病徵。於是，心理治療不再是含具心身性靈魂的歷程，而是照本宣科的（精準）理智話語穿透其間的地盤。本文將先透過世界觀點的不同隱喻釋義，作為心理治療助人角色原型的討論基礎；而後在實徵層次上，以二十位「九二一」震災喪親受創者的「個體化」與「集體化」療癒經驗為分析對象，指出受創悲悼經驗的療癒之道，不在於以我們所熟悉的心理治療理論進行解釋，也不在於所謂「治療者－被治療者」兩造聯盟的具體成型，而是生活現場第三元空間的形塑下，一種倫理性轉向心身性靈各層面關照完形關係的回返。本研究顯示，受創者從「情」、「理」、「德」不同層面的療癒面向（未竟心緒、生養生計、依附性及社會網），到其衍生出的療癒策略，受創者是內蘊個體化和集體化作用的自發性與反應性；而啟動受創悲悼療癒機制的自發性和反應性之假設構念，即為受創者與其置身所在相關經驗的「敘說」和「憶思」間之動力關係。最後，本文暫時性提出受創悲悼的倫理性轉向療癒論點之概念模式。當我們將觀看世界方式轉位，不以內含著「一物即中」的自然主義態度單調隱喻為依歸，不僅得以恢復開展助人行業的多元關照特性，也得以顯示倫理性轉向療癒的實踐可能性。唯有擺脫制式化的心理治療理路，轉向人我倫理的關係回返，才有指向創傷謎面解謎途徑的可能性，即使如此的借力使力，或許仍是一段迂迴而行的路程。

Western psychotherapy relies on a foundation of natural science to uncover the laws of nature that transcend time, place, and culture. However, it is technical rather than ethical, and neglects the spiritual and existential dimensions of psychotherapy (such as mythology, folklore, and ritual healing). This study first characterizes the epistemic approaches underlying modern science and philosophy through Stephen Pepper's world hypothesis theory and examines the different archetypes and metaphors of the helper from a historical viewpoint. Next, interviews with 20 bereaved survivors of the September 21, 1999 earthquake in central Taiwan collected over a three- year period after the disaster were analyzed using an interpretive interaction methodology. The recovery processes was interpreted with the Gestalt vision, which occurs in the situatedness of 'the analytical triad'. The healing strategies of the survivors were analyzed through the rhetorical tradition of the 3 doctrines, namely, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos in order to understand the possibilities for post-traumatic growth through the interaction of intrapsychic and social processes in a bereaved state of mind. Finally, the conceptual model of the 'ethical turn healing perspective' (ETHP) is proposed. The ETHP requires identifying new metaphors to account for human suffering, challenges the naturalism orientation, and underscores that it is the ethical rather than the technical that is the touchstone for human existence. The ETHP contrasts with the dominant models of the mourning process ('the grief work perspective', 'the don't worry be happy perspective', and 'the middle-of-the-road perspective'), which reduce the rich and varied complexities of the human world and moral activity to causal substrates.