台灣地區肢體障礙青年與感官障礙青年心理生活素質之研究

The Quality of Life in Youth with Physical Disability and Youth with Sensory Impairments in Taiwan: Psychological Aspects

本研究訪問270位肢體障礙青年與感官障礙青年，探討其心理活素質之現況與相關因素；並深入訪談十二名個案，以質的方法來解釋量的研究發現。結果顯示多數障礙青年在心理生活質量表各題項之反應以正向反應居多，其中在「自主╱自決」分量表之反應又高於在「幸福感╱滿意度」分量表之反應。十二位個案在生活各層面均停為獨立，只有在障礙狀況嚴重影響而又無輔助器具與策略時，才需依賴他人，其生活滿意的項目具多樣性，但不滿意的內容也相對複雜。本研究亦發現障礙類別、教育程度、就業狀況與其在心理生活素質量表之得分有顯著差異；心理生活素質量表總分與學校、職業與社區生活素質量表得分均有顯著相關。深入分析十二位個案亦顯示個案本身對自己的看法、信仰與人生觀，障礙的本質，就業狀況，家人的支持，社會支持網，興趣的發展與事物選擇的機會，及外在環境的障礙等因素與心理生活素質息息相關。

The purposes of this study were to explore the quality of life on youth with physical disabilities and sensory impairments from the psychological aspects. The Quality of Psychological Life Scale (QPLS) was used to investigate 270 youth with physical disabilities and sensory impairments aged from 16 to 30 in Taiwan. Following the investigation, the qualitative study was adopted to elaborate quantitative findings by in depth interviews with 12 of 270 participants, their parents and significant others. The results indicated most participants expressed positive reactions on the items of two subscales: autonomy/self-determination and psychological well-being/life satisfaction. The means were 3.35 and 2.97 for the two subscales respectively. More than 95% of participants expected or strongly expected participants expected or strongly expected a stable job according to their responses on the autonomy/self determination subscale. However most of them felt less life satisfaction as compared to their desires for autonomy. The 12 participants demonstrated their desires for autonomy. The 12 participants demonstrated their independence on living arrangement, self-hygiene, vocational activities, community traveling, and leisure activities. Due to the lack of home environment modification, access to community participation and communication aids, several individuals needed assistances on their living activities including self-hygiene, meals preparation, shopping, social interaction and seeking for jobs that in term affect their life satisfaction. It revealed that the employment status, educational background and the disability category were significantly related to the degree of the autonomy/self determination, psychological well-being/life satisfaction, and overall quality of psychological life. In addition several factors were identified from in-depth interviewing 12 participants with physical disabilities and sensory impairment, including the severity of disability, the onset of disability, self acceptance of disability, belief system, family support, social support network, interest development, opportunity for choice, and environmental barriers. There were significant correlation between the scores of the QPLS and the scores on the scales of community, school, and vocational life quality with ranges from .23 to .82. Finally, several suggestions were proposed to promote the quality of psychological life on youth with physical disabilities and sensory impairment.