特殊境遇婦女歷年利用家庭扶助服務狀況與長期趨勢分析

The Use of Assistance for Families Services and Long-term Trend Analysis of Woman in Hardships

背景：社會各個角落存在許多弱勢團體，特殊境遇婦女就是其中的一群。包括單親媽媽、未婚懷孕少女、受暴婦女以及重大傷病的女性等等。過去我國政府有針對特殊境遇婦女立法訂定扶助條例，以保障其經濟安全；然而此公共扶助政策尚缺乏有系統的分析與研究，因此本研究來對此進行分析探討。目的：本研究想了解特殊境遇婦女利用家庭扶助服務之歷年人數、人次、金額補助趨勢變化情況，並探討各年代與國籍別、縣市別之相關性。方法：分析2006 年至2013 年社會福利統計年報之「特殊境遇家庭扶助服務」資料庫，利用SPSS 20 版統計軟體進行描述性及推論性統計分析，以研究對象之人數、人次、金額等做描述性統計分析；推論性統計則以t 檢定（T-test）統計方法探討各國籍、縣市之間是否有差異；曲線估計（Curve Estimation）來分析家庭扶助服務之長期趨勢。結果：研究結果顯示，五項家庭扶助服務的利用人次中，最高至最低依序為子女生活津貼、緊急生活扶助、兒童托育津貼、傷病醫療補助、法律訴訟補助。2006~2013 年間，在緊急生活扶助方面由平均2.9 次降至2.6 次，呈現顯著下降趨勢。而在國籍別部分，本國原住民使用家庭扶助服務人次則於8 年間從3130 人次增至7212 人次，一共增加了4082 人次（R²=0.680; p=0.012）。外國籍特殊境遇婦女部分，利用家庭扶助服務人次由2006 年的807 人次增長至2013 年的2326 人次（R²=0.638; p=0.017）。結論：政府應針對國籍為非本國一般民眾的特殊境遇婦女，提供更多經濟上的補助以保障其家境生活。並應審視當前特殊境遇婦女所遭逢之困境及其需求，提供最適切的扶助服務，以達到福利政策的落實。

Background: There were many disadvantaged groups in every corner of society; woman in hardship was one of a group of them. Including single mothers, unmarried pregnant girls, battered women and so on. However, this was still a lack of public support policies of systematic analysis and research. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze social statistics data to understand the use of family assistance services of woman in hardship over the years. These service items included number, people, and the amount of subsidy. In addition, exploring trend changes, and the relevance of each other's nationality and counties. Methods: The study used 2006-2013 Act of Assistance for Family in Hardship database to women of numbers, people, and so do the amount of description statistical analysis; Inferential statistics places T test statistical methods to explore whether there are differences between the various nationalities and counties; Curve estimation to analyze long-term trends in family assistance services. Results: The results showed that the use of family assistance services for five categories, the highest to the lowest order, is the child living allowance, emergency life support, children's nursery allowance, medical subsidy, and subsidy of litigation. Conclusion: The government should address the special situation of women in the country of nationality for non-citizens in general, to provide more economic benefits to protect their family life. And provide the most appropriate support services in order to achieve the implementation of welfare policies.