我國視覺障礙人口與致殘成因長期變化趨勢分析

Causes of Visual Impairment and Disability Demographic Changes in Variation Trend Analysis

背景：近年來弱勢團體以及特殊族群之權益保障逐漸受到重視，身心障礙群體在醫療衛生與社會福利之權益保障是一項公共衛生重要議題。而視覺障礙者是身心障礙類別中較弱勢的一群，視覺障礙者不僅定向行動能力受到了限制，同時也失去了一般人能主動操縱訊息的能力；了解視覺障礙人口學特性是公共衛生政策的首要基礎。目的：本研究目的乃以我國2000 年至2013 年衛生福利部統計處身心障礙者人口資料庫為基礎，來分析其人口學變項間之相關性，主要變項包括性別、年齡、年代、縣市別、身分別、障礙等級、致殘成因等；此外也嚐試分析不同年代之人口學變化趨勢，以及分析各年度年齡分層之盛行率趨勢變化等。方法：在統計分析方面，首先使用Microsoft Office Excel 2007 做資料庫之整合後，再利用SPSS 20 版統計軟體進行統計分析，以研究對象之次數、百分比、平均數、標準差等做描述性分析；並以卡方檢定、t 檢定等統計方法做各變項間之差異分析，最後以Linear 趨勢分析2000-2013年視覺障礙者盛行率與致殘成因之變化趨勢檢定。結果：2000 年至2013 年因疾病造成視覺障礙比例最高，其中男性視覺障礙人數歷年皆高過於女性；壯年人口之視覺障礙人數隨年代變遷有上升之趨勢，其中老年視覺障礙族群之盛行率遠高於其他年齡層。結論：透過本研究之結果以做為政府提早預防視覺障礙致殘因子措施之參考，讓居於弱勢之視覺障礙者可以獲得更加完善的權益保障，同時希望能夠作為日後規劃視覺障礙者醫療照護以及社會福利等相關政策之參考。

Background: In recent years, the protection of vulnerable groups as well as the interests of special groups gradually is taken seriously, disability groups in rights protection of the health and social welfare is an important public health issue. The visually impaired are handicapped category weaker group, visually impaired not only directed the operational capacity has been limited, but also lost the ability to ordinary people can actively manipulate messages; understand visually impaired demographic characteristics is the primary basis for public health policies. Objective: The purpose of this study are based on our country from 2000 to 2013 at the Ministry of Health and Welfare handicapped population-based database to analyze the correlation between demographic variables of its main variables, including gender, age, age, county City of gender, body respectively, obstacle grade, and other causes of disability; in addition, try to analyze population trends from different years of the study, as well as trend analysis for each year of age stratified prevalence of change. Methods: In the statistical analysis, the first to use Microsoft Office Excel 2007 to make the integration of the database, and then using SPSS version 20 statistical software for statistical analysis to study the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, do descriptive analysis; and Chi-square test, t test and other statistical methods to make the differences between the various variables analyzed, and finally to change 2000-2013 Linear trend analysis on the prevalence of visual impairment and disability causes of the trend test. Results: 2000 to 2013 due to illness caused by the highest proportion of visual impairment, visual impairment among males over the years the number of women are too high; the number of visually impaired population in the prime of life's changes with the rise of the trend, in which the prevalence of visual impairment in elderly populations away high in other age groups. Conclusion: The results of this study by the government in order to advance the prevention of visual impairment as a disability factor measures the reference, so that the weak position of the visually impaired can get a more comprehensive rights protection, while hoping to plan for future medical care and visually impaired community Reference welfare and other related policies.