臺灣與越南雙邊關係的回顧與分析

A Review of the Taiwan-Vietnam Relations

本文檢視自1990 年代以來的台灣與越南間的政治、經貿、社會交流關係。政治方面，在無法建立正式邦交情況下，台-越之間的經貿關係成為發展「務實外交」的主軸。台灣在越南投資金額及件數上長年佔居外國直接投資的第一位，使中國頻頻干預，唯恐台-越關係過密。台-越之間多項貿易協議的簽訂使台-越貿易大幅增長，成為越南第三大貿易逆差國以及第四大進口國。台-越之間的社會交流熱絡，因婚姻移民來台的越南籍配偶已達九萬人之譜，跨國婚姻新生兒出生人數逐年升高，國中小學生有近八萬人，約占39%。越南在台勞工數已超過十萬人，政府亟應思考國家整體人口質量、人口政策與未來發展，包涵蓋教育、社會、經濟及國家安全。台灣在越南的投資，不論在經濟上、政治上都能達到台越雙方互惠互利的情況，這也解釋了雙方實質關係日益密切的緣故。台灣應利用越南模式與其他國家建立實質關係，以免陷於過度倚賴中國市場的經濟困境。

This author would take a retrospective examination of the Taiwan-Vietnam relations in last two decades with political, economic, sociocultural angles. Since Vietnam launched its policy of “Doi Moi” for its economic development, Taiwan had held the top position for long in Vietnamese foreign direct investment (FDI) in pursuit of “Pragmatic Diplomacy” under unofficial bilateral relationship. Despite of the interference by China and pressure to comply with the “One China Policy,” Vietnam has a close tie with Taiwan in accord with the increased trade relationship. In the area of economic development, substantial foreign direct investment from Taiwan has made Taiwan the top investor in Vietnam, so it is to be expected that Taiwanese have exerted strong, positive effects on Vietnam's economic growth over time. In terms of socio-cultural relations, owing to the close diplomatic and economic exchanges between Taiwan and Vietnam, marriages between Taiwanese and Vietnamese citizens have increased to total about 90,000 couples. They brought to us about 80,000 pupils in year 2012. Furthermore, the increasing number of Vietnamese laborers in Taiwan's enterprises reached a sum to 100,000 in year 2012. The government needs to rethink over the policies of the population, economics, education and social security. The relations between Taiwan and Vietnam have progressed in a positive direction and in a mutually favorable way. This model can be used for establishing a substantive relation with other countries.