韓國的中國政策

Korea's Policy toward China

地緣政治學是探討個人、組織或團體因為空間分佈等地理因素所採取經營政治的手段及方法。由於地理的鄰近，韓國自古以來與中國有著廣泛的往來，二次大戰結束以來，朝鮮半島因南北分裂成為兩個國家，先是南韓與中華民國建交，而北韓則和中華人民共和國交好，但南韓於1992年改而與北京建交，並與北韓同時加入聯合國，使得朝鮮半島局勢發生變化。其後，中國權力增長及其帶來的權力轉移，加劇美國與部分周邊國家的疑慮，「中國威脅論」難以消解；其次，美國全球戰略重心加速東移，其「重返亞洲」政策影響亞太雙邊聯盟體系內部出現轉型趨勢；再者，南韓在亞太區域帶動權力分配的變化，改變著全球與區域層次的地緣政治格局；最後是北韓因素對中韓關係的影響。如何詮釋中國崛起所引發的新地緣環境變化？中韓如何在新的環境中維護和實現各自的現實利益？這些都需要地緣政治學的考察和分析。

Geopolitics is a method to explore the means that individual and organization decide to manage politic due to geographic distribution. Because of geographical proximity, Republic of Korea and China associate with each other frequently. Korea Peninsula was divided into the South Korea and the North Korea after the World War II. At first South Korean established diplomatic relations with Republic of China, and North Korea maintain friendly relations with Beijing. But when South Korean established diplomatic relations with Beijing in 1992 and was admitted to the United Nations at the same time with North Korea, the situation changed in Korea Peninsula. The rise of China and the power transition intensify United States and neighboring countries' concern about “China Threat.” The United States has accelerated its eastward shift of global strategic focus and the return to Asia policy cause the transform of bilateral alliance system in Asia-Pacific. Furthermore, the changes in the distribution of power driven by South Korea in Asia-Pacific region also reshape the geopolitics pattern in both global and region level. And last but not least is the North Korea factor on the impact of China-ROK relations. How to explain the new change of geopolitics due to China's rise? How do China and Korean maintain theirs interests in the new circumstance? All these questions need to be addressed by geopolitics analyzing.