從現實主義中的權力觀點看新加坡的外交政策

Analyzing the Foreign Policy of Singapore: A Realist Conception of Power

新加坡是著名的城市國家，它作為國家的歷史不長，卻在經濟發展上令人印象深刻，在外交上也非常活躍，並且取得了巨大的成就。筆者認為，新加坡的外交充分印證了現實主義的原則，並且採取了現實主義中的「權力」觀來構建其外交政策。新國以「生存」為外交原則最高指導戰略，對「獲取權力」和「權力平衡」「自助」的重視堪稱現實主義外交政策的典範。以這等規模的國家來看，新加坡對軍事的重視、而軍事力量的強大堪稱奇蹟；此外，新國也和一般小國的外交態度不同，因為一般小國若要追求生存，多半會採取和大國結盟的方式，但是新國沒有一面倒靠向特定大國，反而積極推動「權力平衡」策略，這讓新加坡得以充分運用外交這一工具保障其國家利益。

Singapore is a city-state, but it is active in international society and good at diplomatic activities. As a very small country, the Singaporean military is arguably the most technologically advanced in Southeast Asia. Moreover, Singapore's foreign policy successfully maintains a secure environment in Southeast Asia as well as the surrounding territories. This paper identifies the characters of Singapore's foreign policies and argues the conception of power in realism of international relations theory is the key of Singapore's diplomatic decision-making processes. Furthermore, the paper argues that such power-centered thought leads the mini country to create a credible military power and efficient diplomatic policy.