農村生境地圖繪製模式的建構與應用

The Establishment and Application of Rural Biotope Mapping Model

農地具有豐富之生態功能，對人類社會存有重要貢獻，但卻隨著人們對土地的需求而加速消逝的命運。本文透過文獻回顧發現，以生態為視角、生境規劃為手段，確可達到農村地景保育的目標，進而發展出人地永續共存的局面。為達此目的，生境地圖的繪製實為首要任務。基於此，本研究以宜蘭縣三星鄉為研究試區，目的在於透過文獻回顧與案例探討，從根本上探究生境之意涵與生境地圖的繪製原則，並結合文獻分析、田野調查、地圖判釋、專家焦點團體法與GIS空間分析等研究方法，以建構臺灣農村生境地圖繪製模式。研究結果有幾項發現：（1）生境意涵受研究目的與繪圖方式的影響；（2）人與生態能夠協調共存的觀點，賦予生境規劃與管理之作為積極存在之意義；（3）生境地圖的繪製需因地制宜；（4）臺灣農村生境繪圖模式可提供未來在地農村生境地圖繪圖參照；（5）本文建構之農村生境類型可為臺灣農村生境繪圖空間單位之參考。

Agricultural land provides important ecological services for human society. In recent years, the considerable demands on living space are deteriorating the existence of agricultural land. Previous research indicates that ecological perspective based on zonal planning plays an important role to achieve the goal of rural landscape conservation. Moreover, biotope mapping provides an efficient mean to develop the sustainable relationship between people and land. This study firstly reviewed literatures to clarify the principles of biotope mapping, and then took Saxing Township, Yilan County as a case study to develop the Taiwan rural biotope model. Several methodologies were integrated in this study, including reference review, field survey, aerial photo interpretation, focus group discussion, and Geographical Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. This study is the first study in Taiwan which applied the biotope mapping methodology on rural landscape conservation. Our results should be able to serve as a reference for future landscape planning.