不同空間型態日式木造歷史建築物震害行為比較－－以後壁新東國小校長宿舍及木造辦公室為例

Comparison Study of Earthquake Damage and Performance for Two Types of Historic Japanese Wooden Building - Illustrated with Two Cases in Shin-Dong Elementary School

新東國小校長宿舍與木造辦公室為既存日式木造建築兩種類型。兩建築中，校長宿舍為住居用途，內部配置較多壁體，木造辦公室則為廣間型，壁體配置在周邊。2010年甲仙地震，兩棟歷史建築皆有受損，但損壞程度與損壞模式呈現明顯差異。本文的主要目的在透過分析，比較兩棟建築地震行為之不同，進而詮釋本次震害之差異性。分析包括兩棟建築物之動力特性，以及甲仙地震歷時反應。本文探討顯示，兩棟建築之振動模態與振動週期之差異性明顯，且地震時木造辦公室之反應、放大率亦較高，這些因素皆與兩棟建築之震害差異有關。此外兩棟建築中，校長宿舍因壁量比高，且配置均勻性較佳，故甲仙地震反應較小，受損亦較輕微。

The residence of school principal and administration office in Shin-Dong Elementary School are two typical Japanese wooden buildings in Taiwan. On the March 4, 2010, Jiashian earthquake, both of these two wooden buildings suffered damage, however the damage degree and failure mode are different. In this article, we analyze and compare the earthquake performance of these two buildings for understanding the damage phenomenon. The analysis includes dynamic characteristics and the time-history response under Jiashian earthquake excitation. The analysis results indicate that the difference of vibration period and mode shape between two buildings is visible. In addition, during earthquake, the amplification factor of wooden office is much higher than that of principal residence. These factors are closely related to the damage difference of two buildings. Also, the comparison shows the higher wall/floor area ratio and uniform wall layout made principal residence experienced small seismic response and light damage.