日治時期嘉義市中國籍傳統工匠在臺執業脈絡研究

On the Tread of Traditional Carpenters from Mainland China during Japanese Colonial Period in Chiayi City

本研究主要是以日治時期於1905（明治38）年至1945（昭和20）年建立之戶口（籍）調查簿登記資料為基礎，運用歷史研究、文獻及田野訪查等研究方法，進行戶口調查簿閱覽後，調查分析在臺灣從事大工職業的傳統建築工匠群，討論當時的工匠群移地執業的因素，藉由當時都市社會、產業現象，建構戶口（籍）調查簿中的工匠族群，透過遷移紀錄、人口結構與原籍地等資料的分析，提出嘉義市產業對工匠群遷移與從事工作變化的影響，並以建構日治時期臺灣傳統工匠的脈絡作為總結。本文分析研究登記資料中包括原籍、遷移次數、寄居同戶人口等內容，結論顯示，嘉義市過去曾有一群來自中國福建省福州府長樂、閩侯、泉州府惠安、及浙江省溫洲府、廣東省潮洲府等地區的工匠群蹤跡，其中又以福州府長樂縣之林姓、鄭姓、陳姓及泉州府惠安縣王姓等工匠群脈絡最為明顯，且在技藝上又以父子傳承的家族關係為主要。其次，由於社會經濟與生活的變遷等因素，出現的工匠從原有的團體共生，演變為單戶寄留的現象，這樣的轉變亦影響技藝的傳承方式。最後，透過戶口（籍）調查簿資料的分析發現，嘉義市的工匠群於日治明治、大正時期遷移頻繁，除因受到林業發展的影響外，中國工匠群由於地區的發展與遷移等因素，在傳承上呈現族群、原籍與職業等三者結合的結果。

This study mainly applies the census record from Japanese colonial period as basic data and combines historical research, literature review, and field research as study methods. This study surveys the census record from the years between 1905 (the 38th year of Meiji period) and 1945 (the 20th year of Shouwa period) to find out the objects that registers job title as carpenter. Furthermore, this study finds out the carpenters’ group, records the migration tread, analyzes the population structure and ancestral hometown of study objects from the data. Then, this study indicates how city background and industrial development brought impact to migration of carpenters’ group and their working content. Next, this study constructs the tread of traditional carpenters in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period and groups of carpenter as conclusion. In addition, after analyzing the carpenters’ original hometown, migration times, and lodge members’ data in the household registered book, the conclusion reveals that the carpenters are from Fuzhou: Changle and Minhou; Quanzhou: Huian; Zhejiang: Wenchou; and Guangdong: Chaozhou in Mainland China. Especially, there are big amount of people from Fuzhou with the family name of Lin, Cheng, Chen and from Quanzhou with family name of Wan. These people inherit from father and family-of-origin. Moreover, due to the living transition influenced by social economy change, the carpenters’ group changes from teamwork to singular lodge. The carpenters’ group of Japanese colonial period migrates more in the Taisho period and it is influenced by the forestry. Finally, this study analyzes the big group of carpenter’s migration times, grouping, ancestral hometown and occupation in the research area to obtain the conclusions.