幼兒之人體尺寸計測及動態能力調查

Anthropometry and Functional Mobility in Preschool Children

目前國內成人的人體計測資料雖已達規模，但缺乏幼兒之相關數據，故本研究目的在測量2至6 歲幼兒之人體尺寸及動作伸展範圍，並建置本土資料庫，以作為相關建築環境及設施規劃之依據。利用多關節3 度空間量測系統取得160 位男童及140 位女童（平均年齡4.12±1.33 歲）之36項坐姿尺寸、33 項立姿尺寸、握徑及手部尺寸，另量測握力、扶手高度與伸手可及範圍。結果顯示除了坐姿坐椅面至右手肘靠高度以及側向可及無障礙物最低之外，所有數據均為男童大於女童；所有坐姿及立姿尺寸顯著受年齡影響，且大部分隨年齡增長而增加；性別與年齡間並無交互作用。全體握力平均為4.3kg，其中女童為3.8 kg、男童為4.7 kg。手肘彎曲30 度之平均扶手高度為50.5cm，立姿大轉子扶手高度為51.2 cm；兩者間差距0.7 cm。本研究與國內外其它研究之部分建議值相差近8cm，主要原因為參考數值之對應年齡及計算公式的不同。本資料庫中各年齡的人體尺寸數值及分佈狀況，可提供幼童居家、學習及遊樂環境之空間、設施或家具尺寸等設計決策之依據。

Anthropometry in preschool children has not been well investigated, thus the purpose of this study was to collect anthropometric data in children aged 2 to 6 years using a 3-dimensional anthropometer. Thirty-six and 33 anthropometric measurements in sitting and standing positions, respectively, grip strength, handrail height and functional reach were collected from 300 participants（ 140 girls and 160 boys, age 4.12±1.33 years） . The results showed boys had higher values in 35 and 32 measurements than girls did in the sitting and standing positions, respectively; all items were affected by age, and most of them increased with increased ages. Average grip strength of all participants was 4.3kg with 3.8kg for girls and 4.7 kg for boys. The average greater trochanter height was 51.2cm, matching the handrail height of 50.5cm with elbow 30-degree flexed. The findings of this study may be crucial for the establishment of guidelines for the designs and regulations on living, playing and school environments for children aged 2 to 6.