學童避難速度調查研究

The Study on Primary School Students’ Evacuation Speed

本調查研究主要目的是在了解國小學童之避難的速度，以作為國校校舍設計及安全性能檢證之依據。本研究在台北市政府教育局的協助下，在台北市信義區福德國小進行調查研究。調查結果顯示國小學童水平避難速度平均為2.04m/sec，學童垂直避難速度上行平均為1.40m/sec，下行平均為1.43m/sec。國小學童通過特定門寬的群集流速度，以中年級生為研究對象。因中年級學童體型尚小，個體活動半徑較小，通過特定門寬時有小幅推擠的情況發生，平均測得門前密度為6 7人/m^2。各門寬組別中每10秒單位時間內通過的人數最大值分別為150 cm門寬48人、其次是120cm門寬的50人、90cm門寬的36人，其中150 cm門寬，群集流速度呈現較為順暢。最大流量的情況下，150 cm門寬可達256人/分，120 cm門寬可達257人/分，90 cm門寬可達189人/分。而N（下標 eff）值數學式推算建議在150人 170人/分×m。

The purpose of this study is to identify primary school students' horizontal evacuation speed, their vertical evacuation speed and their group moving speed as a base of primary school design and its evacuation plan. With the assistance of Taipei Municipal City Government, Taipei Fu-De Primary School was chosen as a study area. The results indicate that the average horizontal evacuation speed of primary school student is 2.04 m/sec and the average vertical speed is composed of the average stair ascent speed of 1.40 m/sec. and the average descent speed of 1.43 m/sec.As for investigating group moving speed, students were required to travel through doors in different width. Because of their small physiques, small moving radius and pushing each other at test, the average density of 6 to 7 person/m^2 was concluded. In the unit time, 10 seconds, the maximum number of walking through a 150 cm wide door was 48 persons. The followings were 50 persons for a 120 cm wide door and 36 persons for a 90 cm wide door. The traffic was less congested as the students walked through a 150 cm wide door, compared with walking through the other doors. The maximum flow volume was 256 persons/min for the 150 cm wide door, while 257 persons/min for the 120 cm wide door and 189 persons/min for the 90 cm wide door. The N(subscript eff) value calculated with equations is suggested as 150 to 170 persons/min×m.