都市地區不同世代之「在地老化」住宅空間與設施需求研究－－以板橋地區香社里、香雅里、社後里等社區為例

Using Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)to Reconstruct a Legal Hotel Buildings Fire Accident

失能高齡者普遍關心住宅性能能夠支持其晚年「在地老化」之需求，協助高齡者可以「在地老化」已是住宅設計的基本原則。目前台灣的老年人居住於一般住宅之比例達到82.6%，顯然如何讓現有的失能老年居住者能夠在原居住宅「在地老化」是住宅設計者不可避免的責任。台灣在2027年將邁入高齡化社會之高峰期，我們也應了解不同世代高齡者之需求差異。因此，本研究目的除了探討「在地老化」之住宅空間與設施需求之外，同時也將檢視現階段失能高齡者和20年後高齡者之住宅需求差異，以期研究結果可提供為住宅建設之參考。經由進行「在地老化」住宅發展趨勢、住宅落實「在地老化」應面對課題等相關文獻探討以及住宅環境現有問題調查，本研究設計包含使用輔具高齡者、臥床高齡者之照護空間與設施以及失能高齡者日常生活之活動空間與設施等因應「在地老化」住宅需求之問卷調查。研究範圍針對都市地區遴選板橋市香社里、香雅里、社後里等社區為樣本，隨機抽樣45-64歲（2027年後老年人口）之居民118位、65歲以上高齡居民74位進行「在地老化」需求之問卷調查。研究發現：（一）不同世代對於使用輔具階段，包含浴室、餵食空間、廁所之設置區位，通往浴室、廁所之動線，上下床移位之協助設施均有顯著不同之需求。（二）對於臥床階段，進行管灌之空間區位，管灌準備作業空間、物品儲存空間、床邊照護作業設施等有顯著不同之需求。（三）在失能階段，包含室內復健活動類別、室內復健活動空間改善、居家環境應加強採光之空間均有顯著不同之需求。

Frail elderly generally concerned that housing performance could support their requirements of aging in place in the late years. To assist them being capable of aging in place has been the basic principle of housing design. The ratio of aged people residing at home reaches 82.6 percentages in Taiwan at present, obviously, how to let existing frail elderly stay at home for aging in place is the unavoidable duty of housing designer. Taiwan will enter highly aging society in 2027, we should understand the different requirements between different generations. Therefore, in addition to studying the requirements of housing spaces and facilities for aging in place, this research also inspect the differences of housing requirements between present frail elderly and future elderly after twenty years. The results of this research will offer the reference for housing construction.The article reviews in terms of housing developmental trend of aging in place, implementation issues for aging in place and the survey of housing existing environmental problems were processed. This research designed questionnaire including caring spaces and facilities for wheel-chair aged users and bedside aged people, daily activity spaces and facilities for frail elderly to reach the housing requirements of aging in place. The scope of this research focused on urban area and selected Shiang-She Li, Shiang-Ya Li and She-Hou Li in Ban-Chiau city as community samples. One hundred and eighteen 45-64 years old residents and seventy-four over 65 years old residents were selected by random sampling to answer the need of aging in place.The findings show that the requirements including the locations of bathroom, feeding space and toilet, the routes to bathroom or toilet and the assisted facilities for moving up to bed or leaving bed had significant differences between different generations during the phase of using wheel-chair. The second, the requirements in terms of the location of pour-feeding space, the facilities of pour- feeding preparation, belongings storage and bedside caring operations had significant differences between different generations during the phase of bedside. The third, the requirements including type of indoor rehabilitation, improvement of indoor rehabilitation space and the need of lighting increased for the spaces of home environment had significant differences during the phase of disability.