健康綠建材標章材料之室內健康效益評估

Evaluation of Indoor Health Benefits from Green Building Materials

室內裝修材料常含有揮發性有機化合物，對室內環境品質及人體健康有許多潛在影響；近年來並引發國人對如何選擇室內裝修材料的高度重視。綠建材標章制度分為健康、生態、再生、高性能等4 類評定，本研究之目的係為了解室內環境採用取得健康綠建材標章材料之健康效益。本研究建立室內裝修材料逸散有機化合物之風險評估架構，並模擬比較室內採用不同健康綠建材標章材料逸散揮發性有機化合物對室內人員之健康風險及影響程度。模擬結果發現在特定室內空間(長3m、寬3m、高2.5m)及裝修量負荷率0.4 下，甲醛及苯之終生致癌風險尚在可接受範圍，甲苯、乙苯、間、對-二甲苯及鄰-二甲苯等之危害商數均小於1，對人體健康無顯著之負面影響。最後建議綠建材評定宜增列健康風險評估，以健全綠建材標章之評估系統。

Interior decoration materials often contain volatile organic compounds, which have quite a few potential impacts on indoor environmental quality and human health, and have triggered people’s great attention about how to choose interior decoration materials. Green building material labeling system is divided into 4 categorized assessments which are health, ecology, renewable and high-performance, and the purpose of this study is to understand the health benefits of green building materials used in indoor environment. This research establishes a risk assessment framework for the emission of volatile organic compounds from interior decoration materials, and simulations on the emissions from different indoor green building materials are made to compare the health risks and influences to indoor persons. The simulation results show that in an interior space of 3m long, 3m wide and 2.5m high, with a renovation load ratio under 0.4, the lifetime cancer risk attributable to formaldehyde and benzene is in an acceptable range, while toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene and o-xylene have hazard quotients less than 1 – an indication of no obvious negative impact on human health. Finally, it is proposed that evaluation of green building materials should add in health risk factors to make a sound assessment system for the green building materials labeling.