運動對腦部氧合能力之探討

Investigation into the Effects of Exercise on Cerebral Oxygenation

有關於規律運動對於腦部功能的影響越來越受重視，規律運動已被證實可以增加心肺功能或氧攝取量，但運動是否能改善腦部的功能與氧合能力（如腦血液量、氧合血紅素、去氧血紅素與總血紅素等）的相關研究較少。早期的研究認為腦部血流量（cerebral blood flow）維持恆定不會增加，但隨著科技的研發，最近研究則發現運動過程中會增加腦部血流量。此外運動中前額葉腦皮質（prefrontal cortex）的氧合狀況亦可加以測量，近紅外線光譜儀（near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS）常被使用在運動腦部血液動力學的相關研究。綜合過去有關近紅外線光譜儀研究發現，在高強度運動時大腦氧合血紅素往往是下降的；受過運動訓練者比未受訓練者在運動過程中有較高的氧合血紅素值；常氧比起缺氧環境下有較高的氧合血紅素值。了解有關運動對腦部氧合之影響可能有助於提升運動訓練的成效，因此本文將針對運動與大腦氧合能力作進一步的探討。

Effects of regular exercise on brain function have received more attention recently. Regular exercise has been proved to improve cardiopulmonary function and oxygen uptake capacity; in contrast, few studies investigated into the possible effects of exercise on brain function and hemoglobin oxygenation, such as cerebral blood volume, oxy-hemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin. Early studies indicated that cerebral blood flow did not increase; however, recent studies, using more advanced technology, found cerebral blood flow increases during exercise. In addition, dynamic conditions of prefrontal cerebral cortex oxygenation during exercise can also be real-time measured by means of NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy). By reading literature about related NIRS studies, we summarize that cerebral oxyhemoglobin often decreased in very high-intensity exercises, that participants who received regular training exhibit higher oxyhemoglobin than those who were not trained, and that participants exhibit higher oxyhemoglobin in normoxia than in hypoxia. With more understanding about exercise effects on cerebral oxygenation, it may be helpful for us to promote the effects of exercise training. Therefore, this article would make further investigation into exercise and cerebral oxygenation.