身體素質對高爾夫運動表現的影響與應用

The Role and Application of Physical Quality to Golf Performance

高爾夫運動以往被誤認僅藉由技術與心理素質，就能締造佳績，直至近年因競爭激烈才意識到身體素質對高球表現的成效。也唯有透過生理特徵的分析，才能定義出高球員所需要的身體素質，從而擬定最合適的專項體能訓練內容。本文以文獻回顧的方式，歸納出主要技術揮桿屬高無氧性運動，能量來自磷化物系統，也是體能訓練的核心，高質量且有效率的揮桿必需兼備專項肌力、爆發力、柔軟度、活動度與平衡，結合長臂且中胚體型的優勢，進而增加擊球的距離、準確度與穩定性，同時預防運動傷害。至於穿梭於球場所產生的疲勞，可利用優異的心肺功能加速體能的恢復。因此，卓越的身體素質將可提昇高球整體運動表現，降低外在因素的影響。

Golf is a sport where historically psychological qualities and technique have been mistaken as the only factors to success. In recent years, the positive impact of the physiological quality on the game has been realized due to fierce competition. A physiological analysis of the golf game demonstrates that the swing is the main focus. Players with longer arms and mesomorph have an advantage in hitting the ball. The swing is an anaerobic action with the ATP-CP system as the main source of energy and target of training. A perfect swing combines strength, power, flexibility, mobility and balance in order to increase the hitting distance and stability, while reducing the probability of sports injuries. Although cardiopulmonary functions are not the focus of training, fatigue from traveling through the course can be remedied through excellent cardiopulmonary functions to accelerate the recovery speed. Therefore, superior physical quality is able to reduce the impact of external factors, and thus improve golf performance.