細胞自噬作用對規律運動促進心肌保護功能的重要性

The Importance of Autophagy in Regular Exercise-induced Cardioprotection

目前人類對自噬作用的理解仍處於非常早期的階段，特別是它對人類健康和疾病的影響。研究顯示，運動促進心肌保護功能的機轉中，有一部分與自噬反應的調控有關，然而，運動如何促進心肌自噬反應的調控能力，目前仍不清楚？故本文回顧細胞自噬的類型、自噬的機轉與調控、自噬與細胞的存亡、自噬與心肌保護功能的關係、以及運動對心肌自噬反應的影響。從文獻中得知規律運動產生心肌保護效果，可能是由於每一次運動後短暫提升細胞自噬的反應量，加速進行清除損壞或不需要的胞器和聚集蛋白質所致。因此，了解運動訓練促進心肌自噬反應的調控能力，增強心肌細胞的存活能力，減少細胞死亡的數量，避免心臟產生病變，應是未來重要且值得投入的研究方向。

The current understanding of autophagy in human is still at an extremely early stage, especially in its influences on health and diseases. Previous studies showed that mechanisms for exercise-induced cardioprotection included autophagy regulation, in part. However, how exercise enhances the regulatory ability of autophagy in cardiomyocytes is still unclear. This article reviewed various types of autophagy, molecular mechanism and regulation of autophagy, autophagy and cell viability, autophagy and cardioprotection, and the effects of exercise on autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, regular exercise-induced cardioprotection may be associated with a temporary increase in the level of autophagy following every single bout of exercise that accelerated the removal of damaged or unwanted organelles and protein aggregates. Therefore, to understand how exercise alters the regulation of autophagy to strengthen cardiomyocyte viability and lessen cardiomyocyte death for preventing heart diseases that will be necessary and worth in the future.