腦部造影技術在運動領域之應用

Neuroimaging application in sport and exercise

拜科技進步所賜，把過去不可見的腦部活動影像呈現在眼前，如腦波儀（EEG）、腦磁波儀（MEG）、正子輻射斷層掃描（PET）、單光子電腦斷層掃描（SPECT）及功能性核磁共振造影掃描（fMRI）等。以往這些腦造影工具多使用在疾病的診斷上，隨著開發技術普及、價格降低，運動研究領域也開始應用此項技術，並已有相當的研究成果。本篇除了從「空間解析度」、「時間解析度」、「放射性」以及「價格」等層面去比較上述工具的優劣，亦統整所有領域如「醫學病例」、「腦部認知科學」、「商業娛樂」與「腦機介面」等，應用腦造影工具進行之研究成果，進而專注討論近幾年來國內體育界如何引進應用於運動研究領域，如靜坐冥想的「心靈運動」類、射擊、射箭與飛鏢投擲的「靶類運動」類以及高爾夫推桿及籃球罰球的「球類運動」類等，希望透過上述的介紹，能夠提供更多對於認知科學有興趣的人員投入運動領域的研究。

With the advancement of technology, it is believed that presenting the activity image of brain is possible, such as EEG, MEG, PET, SPECT and fMRI and so on. In the past, neuroimaging were widely used in morbid diagnosis. However, with the development of new technique and price lowering, the research of sport and exercise has begun to apply these skills in practice and come out significant research results. The study not merely compares the advantages and disadvantages in terms of Spatial Resolution, Temporal Resolution, Radioactivity and Price but also integrate fields such as Medical Case, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Commercial Entertainment and BCI by using neuroimaging for research. The tools have been discussed over years on how to be introduced to and applied in physical education research such as sitting still in peaceful mind which is categorized as 'mind movement', shooting, archery, throwing the dart which are categorized as 'targeting sports' and golf putting and basketball free throw which are categorized as 'ball games'. Hopefully the above introduction can attract more people who interest in Cognitive Sciences and devote themselves to sport and exercise research.