法人名譽權保護中的利益平衡

The Interest Balance to the Protection of Corporate Reputation

法人名譽權往往與言論自由權、輿論監督權等相互衝突，如何實現這些權利之間的平衡是實踐中法人名譽權保護的難題。在消費者表達訴求的侵權認定中，應對行為的過錯程度和違法性進行認定，採用推定的方式判斷名譽損害事實的存在，並應當體現保護弱者的司法理念。在媒體侵權認定中，應考察其出發點是否為了公共利益的需要，內容是否基本真實，不得對法人名譽故意醜化、侮辱，還應積極履行真實查證義務。在網路侵權案件中，要注重對網路言論自由權的維護，同時嚴厲打擊惡意誹謗、造謠行為。針對競爭對手侵權，明確商業言論自由及其行使界限，避免名譽權訴訟被濫用，對商業競爭者之間的詆毀行為應當施加較重的責任，以健全市場機制。

As an important civil right, corporate reputation is the general principles of the civil law entrusted to the legal person. Corporate reputation often conflicts with freedom of speech, public opinion supervision, then how to realize the balance between the rights is a problem in the practice of protecting the corporate reputation. In the consumer appeal infringement, we should investigate the degree of fault and illegality recognition of coping behavior, use the constructive way to determine the existence of the facts of the reputational damage, and reflect the judicial idea of protect the weak. In the media infringement, we should examine whether the starting point is to the need of public interests, the content is generally true, while not to deliberately deface, insult the corporate reputation. In addition, we should actively fulfill obligation to actual verification. In illremet infringement cases, we should pay more attention to the maintenance of the online speech, crack down on malicious defamation, and slander action at the same time. In cases of the rival tort, we should clear commercial freedom of speech and exercise boundaries, avoid reputation lawsuit abuse, impose heavy responsibility on the acts of slander between commercial competitors, and improve the market mechanism.