中國量化法治實踐中的指數設計——以法治政府指數與司法公正指數的比較為中心

The Index Design of Quantization of the Rule of Law and Its Practice in China: Focusing on the Comparative Research between the Index of Government under the Rule of Law and the Judicial Fairness Index

量化法治有助於政府和法院對照既有的法治標準尋找差距，從而找到法治社會建設的著力點。法治政府指數和司法公正指數是量化法治的兩項重要指數。中國在這兩種指數體系的設計思維上體現出同構性的特點。但法治政府指數和司法公正指數所秉持的設計思維，並不具有邏輯結構的同構性，而應該是在法治精神的指引下，根據政府和法院工作的特殊性，採取不同的設計思維。具體而言，中國的法治政府指數設計，需要強化中央與地方的許可權劃分、尊重公民權利、政府的行政效能以及國際規則的遵守等四方面內容；中國的司法公正指數設計，需要強化法院獨立辦案，改判率、發回重審率和服判息訴率，特定人群訴權保障等方面內容。

Quantization of Rule of Law will be helpful for the government and court to look for gaps on account of existing standards of the rule of law and thus to find out the acting point of the construction of society ruled by law. The Index of Government under the Rule of Law, as well as the Index of Judicial Fairness, is an important type of evaluating index in the Quantization of the Rule of Law. China' s practice, based on the regime of two kinds of above-mentioned indexes, reflects the feature of isostructuralism. This feature however could not be logically interpreted from the design ideas of these two kinds of indexes. Instead, different design ideas, allowing for the respectively special characteristics of the government and court, should be adopted with the guidance of the rule of law. In this regard, as for the design of the Index of Government under the Rule of Law in China, its improvement refers to the consideration such as the reinforcement of the central and local decentralization, the respect of the rights of citizens, the increase of the administrative efficiency of government and the compliance with the international rules; as for the design of the Index of Judicial Fairness, its enhancement calls for the concern for instance the consolidation of the independency of the court, the rate of reverse, retrial and acceptance and the protection of the right to action of special groups.