論主客觀歸責間的界限與因果流程的偏離

The Distinction between the Objective and Subjective Imputation and Deviation of the Causal Process

徹底厘清客觀歸責與主觀歸責之間的界限，既是犯罪階層判斷得以清晰化的必然要求，也是解決因果流程的偏離這一重要實際問題的關鍵所在。從主觀歸責來看，故意的認識對象僅包含行為的法益侵害危險，而不包括行為結束後的具體因果發展進程；故意的成立要件巳涵蓋了故意犯主觀歸責的全部內容。就客觀歸責而言，因果流程涉及的是危險實現問題；對此應當從事後的客觀立場出發、結合評價規範的目的來加以判斷。因此，因果流程偏離的問題純屬客觀歸責的範疇。

The clear distinction between the objective imputation and subjective imputation is not only the essential requirement of clear crime class discriminant, but also of key importance to the solution of the important practical question and the deviation of the causal process. According to the subjective imputation theory, the subject of intent contains only the danger of the conduct violating the legal interest and the causal process after the conduct is not included. Therefore, the elements of the intent have covered all the contents of subjective imputation to the intentional offenders. As with the objective imputation, the causal process refers to the realization of dangers, and this should be judged from the objective standpoint afterwards with the goal of evaluation criterion. Consequently, the deviation of causal process is an absolute issue of objective imputation.