問題解決取向的學習理論——Schütz現象社會學的觀點

Learning Theory of Problem Solving Approach —Schütz's Phenomenological Sociology

由於人類的學習是個體與所處社會文化互動的結果，也就是人類經驗累積和觀點轉換的過程，若期盼對人類學習歷程與內涵有清楚的了解，勢必要從鉅視社會文化的角度來理解個體如何詮釋自身與他人的互動內容。為補足傳統微觀學習理論的不足，本文嘗試以Schütz的現象社會學理論來探討人類經驗學習和觀點轉換的過程。在Schütz的思想裡，諸如：個人如何在與他人互動的過程中形成，並將這些經驗歸結成知識庫；之後又是透過怎樣的過程將知識庫裡的經驗調出來解讀並解決新生活經驗中的問題，藉此形構自我；以及人類的知識庫在何種情況下會有所轉換等問題，都可以更為清楚的瞭解。唯有對這些認識論之重要關鍵要素有所了解，方能掌握有效學習的關鍵。

Since learning is a process of interaction between people’s biography and sociocultural milieu, in order to look after the effect of society, different from micro vision of psychological learning theories, this article tries to construct learning theory in sociocultural approach by Schütz’s phenomenological sociology methodology. In Schütz’s thought, we see how people construct their self through interaction with others and transform their life experience into stoke of knowledge, and then, make their future living and conscious experiences meaningful. Furthermore, this article also shows how and in which condition people transform their recognition to another pattern. Only when we understand these elements about epistemology, can we grape the key to effective learning.