陶尼成人教育思想之探究與省思

Tawney's Adult Education Thought and Its Reflection

陶尼的宗教信仰、社會主義以及成人教育思想可說是互為主客體地相互影響著。基督教信仰為陶尼的社會主義思想和成人教育的理念與實踐提供了一個平等與人道的價值基礎，而社會主義思想則是在陶尼參與成人教育工作時逐漸形成。從另一個角度來看，成人教育也提供了陶尼一個實踐社會主義思想以及基督教信仰的場域，進而刺激自己不斷地重新詮釋自身對信仰的了解，以健全他的社會主義理念。陶尼認為，社會中不平等主要起因於人類社會生活中機會的不平等，特別是在經濟生活和教育體系兩方面。故他極力主張國家必須擔負起分配社會資源的角色，透過平等教育機會的提供來保障每個人自我潛能發展的權利，藉此促進社會整體的和諧繁榮。從陶尼的基督教信仰、社會主義和成人教育思想來反思當代的社會，如何透過教育權利的保障來提供平等的學習機會，藉以提升人民的知識與文化素養，並透過共同文化的塑造來消除社會的階級分化，達到社會進步繁榮和公平正義雙重目標，應該是邁入終身學習社會，高喊學習權利保障時所不可逃避的重要課題與任務。

Tawney's religious belief has influenced his thought of socialism andadult education intersubjectively. Belief in Protestant enriches and deepens hisvision and insight of equality and humanism, forming the critical base forpracticing his ideals of socialism and adult education. Meanwhile, his socialismthought mature as he endeavors in adult education. Adult education provides himwith an ideal field to pracitice his socialism thought and Protestant belief,which enhances his continuous reinterpretation of religion and deepens hisunderstanding of socialism. Tawney thinks social inequality arouses from unequalopportunities various people hold, which is particularly dominated by the economicand educational systems. In order to ensure everyone self-development, and theharmony and prosperity of the society, he thinks that the government should takecharge in distributing social resources in an equal base, especially equaleducational opportunities. Reflecting upon the contemporary society from Tawney'sthought, what we obtain a clear picture of the coming of a learning society isthrough ensuring the educational right and learning opportunities of every citizen.It is expected that classes reintegration, and social improvement and socialjustice could be achieved in the learning society envisioned by Tawney.