社會教育展示說明策略之研究－－以科學教育展示為例

A Study of Explanatory Strategies on Exhibit Labels

在資訊爆炸的時代，人們必須不斷的學習才得以適應社會。至於學習的方式除了正式的教育外，參觀展覽活動是現代人吸取資訊的重要途徑之一。隨著年齡與教育程度的增長，人們傾向於以閱讀為主要的學習方式。因此在展覽中除了展覽品外，展示說明是人們獲得資訊或學習的主要管道。目前的展覽以博物館所辦的較為固定，也較具系統，同時基於科學素養的重要性，因此本研究以閱讀心理學為理論基礎探討科學教育館展示說明策略。本研究以內容分析法為主，並以本研究所發展的「展示說明分析表」為基礎，進行內容分析。在研究樣本上，以國立科學教育館三樓有關物質科學的二十個基本概念為主。本研究主要發現如下：1.物質科學概念展示誽明文通常包括原理說明和實驗操作說明二部分。但也有些只呈現其中之一項。2.展示誽明文的內容以物理現象的描述佔大多數。至於內容呈現的策略以概括式的說明文為主。3.在促進閱讀理解的策略上，大多數是靠現場展示操作的經驗。只有二項展示說明運用了類比概念。4.整體而言，展示說明在形式上不夠清晰，不易閱讀仍屬多數。在內容上缺乏類比的運用，而顯得太過抽象。此外，缺乏目標觀眾的認定，展示說明顯得太籠統。本研究並提出下列建議以供參考：1.未來研究在方法上，應輔以實地觀察、訪談或問卷調查，以了解觀眾對展示說明文的閱讀率、理解力及需求等。此外，應進一步地透過專業領域專家、教學設計專家等通力合作，以設計合適的展示說明文。2.未來展示說明文呈現之媒體可採用互動式多媒體方式，以精緻化理論為基礎，並多利用類比概念為橋樑，以提供不同背景之觀眾的學習需求。

In addition to formal education, people tend to learn by way of visting various exhibits for lifelong learning. Also, people prefer to learn by reading as the increase of age and educational level so that they like to get information by reading text on the exhibit labels. Therefore, it is very important to explore the strategies for explanation on the exhibit labels.The purpose of this study is to analyze the explanatory strategies on the labels of science educational exhibition. Content analysis was the major method of this study and a checklist was developed as a tool for analysis. This study got twenty concept units from National Science Education Center as the sample. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1.Most exhibit labels contain the basic principles of the concepts and the procedures of the hands-on experience. 2.General description is the major strategy to present the content of exhibit labels. 3.0nly two labels are designed to use analogy as a strategy to explain the concepts. 4.It is conduded that the explanation of the concepts on the most exhibit labels are not clear enough for reading comprehension and from the perspective of explanatory strategy, analogy are not applied appropriately. Some suggestions are provided from this study: 1.Field observation and depth interview sould be used to collect data about the reading rates, comprehension and needs of exhibit labels in the further study. Furthermore, the cooperation between the experts of subject matters and the experts of instructional technology should be established to create appropriate exhibit labels. 2.Based on the elaboration theory, multimedia could be designed as explanatory sytems for exhibitions in order to cope with the needs of the audience from different background.