我國空中大學學生閱讀策略之研究

The Study of Reading Strategy of the Adult Learners in the National Open University

儘管高品質的電子媒介的發展與運用，大部分的成人教育，尤其是隔空教育，還是以印刷教材為主要的學習媒體。因此，成人學習者如何的使用印刷教材來學習是一個值得探討的問題。本研究的主要目的在：(1) 了解成人學習者閱讀印刷教材的策略；(2) 了解那些因素影響學習者的閱讀策略；(3) 了解印刷教材中的那些特色會引發學習者的心理活動；(4) 根據研究發現提供具體建議作為邇後隔空教育印刷教材設計之參考。本研究以質的方法，以焦點團體深入訪談方式來收集資料，而後以互動的閱讀模式為架構，將資料加以分析。結果發現學習者的閱讀策略基本上可以分為二種類型，一種是外控的，亦即以考試為導向，一種是內控的，亦即重視自我知識的成果。而影響學習者閱讀策略的因素包括學習動機，學習時間，對評量方式的期待，先備知識，教育程度，以及本文設計的特色，例如學習目標，大小標題，圖表等。至於學習者在閱讀過程中的主要心理活動是聯結與背誦。本研究最後建議，除了進一步研究如何精簡空中大學印刷教材外，在教材中應多設計一些文中問題(in-text questions)，激發學習者思考，並加強圖表設計，培養學習者比較、歸納、批判等能力。

In spite of the application of electronic media in adult education, the printed material is the major medium for learning in this area. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the approaches of the adult learners to use the pringed materials. The purposes of this study were: (1) How did adult learners approach the printed materials? (2) What factors influenced the adult learners reading strategies? (3) What features of printed materials triggered mental activities that might facilitate, learning? (4) What mental activities did adult learners use when processing those materials? A focus group interview was used to collect deta. Evidence gathered in this study showed basically two types of reading strategy. They were intrinsic strategy, which was self-development-oriented, and extrinsic strategy, which was assessment-oriented. As far as the factors which influenced the reading strategy were motivation, time, expectation, prior knowledge, educational background, and the features of the text design such as objectives, headings, graphics etc. And the major mental activities that the adult learners used when processing those materials were linking and rehearsal. Future research is needed to determine the reading loads for the adult learners. Future study is also needed to determine the effects of in-text questions and graphics on learning as well as critical thinking.