地方環境治理中利害關係人確認與網絡互動分析模式－－以臺東美麗灣度假村BOT開發案為例

The Stakeholders Confirmed and the Network Interaction Analysis in Local Environmental Governance - The Case of Beautiful Bay Resort in Taitung BOT Development Project

地方治理者為解決城市環境困境，雖漸進的做出必要的方案與處置，然而，地方驅動力不足，加上地方政府在現有的法令規章、組織架構仍未脫離舊有的開發思維，政府人民與企業普遍缺乏對環境治理的自我學習能力，幾十年來相沿成習的環境行為，加上多年不變的法令規章，導致政策與資源無法有效終止地方治理之環境困境，使城市之環境負向事件不斷，開發與建設之平衡尺度無法確實掌控，城市環境面臨治理危機。當美麗灣不再美麗？「誰的意見應該被考量？」（Who Should be Counted？）是研究民主社會公共決策一個最基本但是最困難的問題。在這過程中，政策利害關係人環境治理行為態度與議題的掌握是有其必要性的。因此，在公民積極參與公共事務時代來臨前，政府實有責任扮演好治理過程之重要主導者，且有義務去引導公民應有積極參與公共事務熱情與態度，尤其在於環境治理過程方面。在許多環境衝突事件處理中，相關政策利害關係人顯得受到忽略並草率而為之，深不知環境與人共生共榮的重要性。而在臺東美麗灣渡假村BOT案，原本地方政府是希望藉由引入民間業者的投資興建帶動地方發展與提供在地就業機會，但是截至目前為止所產生的政策困窘（Policy Predicament），後續該如何解決？本研究引用Mitchell（1997）利害關係人確認與顯著性理論－「二階段－雙層次」的架構，以「社會領域」、「環境領域」、「經濟領域」與「制度領域」四個面向，作為美麗灣環境治理利害關係人關注議題切入點，並進一步藉由利害關係人屬性、顯著性分析、類型、態度陳述、關注議題進行分析，藉由社會網絡分析UCINET 6.199軟體計算此個案中之網絡中心性（Network Centrality）之網絡指標，呈現政策利害關係人的態度與對議題之互動情形，為能有效地歸納並聚焦討論，有助於日後建立政策審議邏輯架構。

When the Beautiful Bay no longer beautiful? ＂Who should be counted?＂ is the study of public policy-making a fundamental democratic society but the most difficult problems. In this process, the master policy stakeholders and issues of environmental governance behavior and attitude is definitely necessary. Therefore, before the active participation of citizens in public affairs era, the government has the responsibility to play an important leader in the process of good governance and the obligation to guide citizens should have a positive attitude and enthusiasm to participate in public affairs, in particular, that the environmental aspects of the governance process. In many environments conflict, the relevant policy stakeholders seem to be neglected and sloppy and who do not understand the importance of the environment and human symbiotic. In the Beautiful Bay Resort Taitung BOT project, originally introduced by the local government in the hope of private investment in the construction industry to promote local development and provide local employment opportunities, but so far the policy arising from embarrassment (Policy Predicament), the follow-up how to solve? This study cited Mitchell (1997) confirmed the significant stakeholders theory - ＂the second stage - two-level＂ framework to ＂social, environmental, economic, and institutional four fields＂, as the beautiful Bay of environmental governance issues of concern to stakeholders entry point, and further by stakeholders attribute significant analysis, the type of attitude statements, analyze issues of concern, with social network analysis software UCINET 6.199 calculate this case the network centrality (Network Centrality) of the network indicator, showing the attitude and policy stakeholders on the issue of the interaction, in order to effectively summarize and focus the discussion, help to establish a logical framework for future policy deliberations.