輕型電動載具電池管理系統之研究

Battery Management System for Light Electric Vehicles

本文探討輕型電動載具特性與電池管理系統規劃設計，規劃電池組狀態監控與電池保護機制設立，避免電池壽命縮短，降低電池使用效率，避免影響到電動載具行駛時的電力可靠度。本研究使用殘餘電量估算、被動式電池等化平衡電路、電池狀態監控保護電路（過電壓與過電流）、電池組與系統溫度監控、即時電流資訊顯示等方式管理。因輕型電動載具範圍廣泛故選以輕型二輪電動載具做為藍本，本輕型電動載具皆為輕型二輪電動載具，電池組單元為磷酸鋰鐵電池LiFePO4排列構成，四顆電池並聯成一節，每一節電池串聯堆疊成額定電壓48V之動力電池組，利用車輛底盤動力計與微電腦電池充放電機進行載具續航力測試與電池特性曲線研究，主要探討電池管理系統對動力電池續航力之影響或者電池保護機制對輕型二輪電動載具電池組充電與放電的效率影響，系統內使用電池保護IC（S-8209A）應用於被動式電池電量平衡與電池狀態保護機制，有效精簡電池管理系統體積，由電池保護IC監控管理每一節電池，整組電池組由單晶片進行電池組分階層監控管理。

This article explores the features of light electric vehicles and the planning and design of battery management systems, battery pack status monitoring systems and battery protection mechanisms that can prevent reduced battery life, increase battery efficiency, and avoid diminishing the reliability of electric vehicle power sources. In this study, a residual capacity estimation method was used to monitor a passive battery used in a balanced circuit. The battery status, protection circuit (over-voltage and over-current), and battery pack and system temperature were monitored in real time to display and manage current information. Various light electric vehicles were selected, including light two-wheeled electric vehicles, to serve as a blueprint for light electric vehicles. Battery packs in light two-wheeled electric vehicles generally operate on lithium-iron phosphate batteries (LiFePO4) arranged in a parallel series of four batteries, with each battery possessing a rated voltage of 48V. To explore the battery management system of power battery life, a chassis dynamometer battery charger, and discharge were used for testing the battery characteristics and vehicle mileage, which were then plotted as curves to determine how the battery protection mechanism affects the battery pack charge and discharge. An IC (S-8209A) was used to balance the passive battery charge and determine the status of the battery protection mechanisms, effectively streamlining the size of the battery management system. Protection from the battery IC monitoring and management of each section battery, battery pack in a single-chip, and battery component class was achieved.