由社會交換理論探討組織公平對員工績效之影響－－以中醫診所為例之探索性研究

A Preliminary Study for Examining the Effects of Organizational Justice on Employee Job Performance from the Perspectives of Social Exchange Theory - Using Chinese Medical Clinic

隨著經濟社會的發達，組織無法僅依靠經濟性的報酬激勵員工，人們進而追求自尊及自我實現等心理層次的滿足。而在社會交換理論中，發現人們只有在互惠交換下，才能維持長期的關係，公平成為雙方交易及心理滿足的基礎，而心理契約的滿足將會影響員工最後的工作績效及組織公民行為。在醫療產業中，醫生為自主性及經濟報酬很高的知識工作者，針對傳統的激勵方式並無法預期效果，故本研究將由醫生對於心理契約及組織公平的認知將會影響其工作態度的觀點，試圖尋找提升醫師之工作績效的方法。最後本研究以基層診所的經營為個案，說明心理契約及組織公平在社會交換關係的協調下，會正向影響員工績效。

With the advancement of the economic society, the organization no longer can rely on economic rewards to motivate the employee. People have progress into seeking for fulfillment in the psychological level of self-pride and self-actualization. From the social exchange theory, it has found that people can only maintain long-term relationship if there are mutual benefits Fairness becomes the fundamental of mutual transactions and psychological fulfillment. And the fulfillment of psychological contract will influence the ultimate work results and organizational citizenship behavior of the employee. In the medical industry, because doctors are highly independent and are knowledge workers with high economic rewards, aiming at traditional inspiration method is unable to predict the outcome, therefore, this research will examine doctor's cognition of the psychological contract and organizational justice. It will determine whether this cognition will influence the working attitude and attempt to find out the method to increase the doctor's job performance. Lastly, this research is based on the case study of a basic clinic, discussing the psychological contract and organizational fairness, through social exchange relationship, which will have upright influence the worker's achievements.