台灣老人遷移、住宅權屬決策與經濟狀況之研究

Elderly Mobility, Housing Decisions and Economic Status in Taiwan

台灣的住宅自有率高達85％以上，許多老人擁有住宅資產，但是生活費可能不充裕，管理處分住宅資產可以轉換為老人的生活費。本研究欲探討台灣老人的遷移行為、住宅權屬決策與經濟狀況的關係。本研究的目的有三：一、驗證住宅自有率是否隨著年齡而下降。二、分析老人遷移後的住宅決策與老人經濟狀況變化的關係。三、分析子女目前工作狀況等與有遷移行為老人的住宅決策的關係，比較子女是否有工作的兩群老人其住宅決策的差異，驗證老人對子女利他行為假說。本研究回顧相關文獻，建立相關假說，採用衛生福利部國民健康署中老人身心社會生活狀況調查的資料和多項羅吉特模型進行實證，分析老人的遷移後的住宅權屬決策與經濟狀況的關係。研究結果顯示：老人年紀漸長，住宅自有的情形減少，驗證生命週期假說。老人的遷移後住宅權屬為租，生活開銷充裕，驗證老人將住宅資產轉換為生活費的假說。另外，子女有工作，老人較傾向選擇不遷移的住宅決策，老人不必為了子女改變住宅權屬。本研究證實老人經濟狀況變化與老人遷移後的住宅權屬選擇有關。本研究的結果可以提供老人資產管理的建議，以提升生活品質。

The homeownership rate is almost 85% or more in Taiwan. Some elderly households are housing rich but cash poor, the housing wealth could be converted to the living expense if they want. This study would like to explore the relationships between the housing tenure decisions after moving and economic status for the elderly. This study reviews some prevalent literatures and establishes related hypotheses. The empirical study employs the multinomial choice models and the data of 'Survey of Health and Living Status of the Middle Aged and Elderly in Taiwan' to analyze elderly housing tenure decisions and the economic status. First of all, the result of cross analysis demonstrates the tendency of the homeownership rate decreased especially in older groups. The life cycle hypothesis is supported. Second, from the results of multinomial choice model, the hypothesis 2 is supported. The elderly converting the housing wealth to consumption makes their living budget more sufficient. Third, the elderly doesn't prefer to choose moving and tenure decision if their children have jobs. The policy implication of the results would provide the suggestions that the elderly could use housing wealth to raise their quality of life.