應用模糊TOPSIS法求解多重目標設定之最佳化能力集合調整

Using Fuzzy TOPSIS for Solving Optimal Adjustment of Competence Set Problem with Multiple Target Solutions

目標管理(management by objectives， MBO)是一套非常有效率且有效果的管理系統。在目標管理中的第一個重要步驟是目標設定(goal setting)。為求有效率的轉化能力集合以達成目標，傳統的最佳化能力集合調整(optimal adjustment of competence set)考慮在單一目標設立時，探討如何透過數學規劃的技巧求得相關能力參數的最佳調整，以達成能力集合擴展的觀念。然而在實際應用上，很有可能會在不同面向的考量之下，有多個可供選擇的可達目標解。本文植基於線性系統，以TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)及能力集合分析與擴展為基礎，量化探討多重目標設定情況下的最佳化能力集合調整問題。同時，本文採用模糊理論(fuzzy set theory)以處理決策過程中的不確定性。最後以一個數值範例說明所提方法之應用。

Management by objectives (MBO) is an effective framework for enterprise management. Goal setting is the first crucial step in the system of MBO. In the optimal adjustment of competence set problem， the relevant coefficients are adjusted so that a given target solution (objective) could be attainable. However， various target solutions might be given from various points of view. The conventional method is concerned only with single target solution rather than multiple targets. In this paper， the class of the optimal adjustment of competence set problems with multiple target solutions is explored. A method based on TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) approach is presented for selecting/evaluating target solutions under linguistic environment. The ratings of various target solutions under various criteria， and the weights of various criteria are assessed by means of linguistic terms. The proposed method can reduce the uncertainty for determining the importance weights of various criteria and the ratings of various target solutions. Finally， a numerical example with four target solutions is also used to illustrate the proposed method.